Chapter 18
Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable?
A positive environment will create positive results.
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Napoleon's Grand Empire?
Absolute freedom of the press.
The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was
Adam Smith.
Which of the following was not achieved during the regime of Napoleon?
All divorces were outlawed.
In line with mercantilist theory,
American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans.
Lyrical Rococo depictions of aristocratic life were expressed in the work of
Antoine Watteau.
The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility at the expense of the serfs was
Catherine the Great.
The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was
Frederick II of Prussia.
Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade?
Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain.
As a direct result of the French Revolution, this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism.
Haiti
Outside of Europe, the major scenes of battle in the Seven Years War were
India and North America.
Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of the nature of the British Parliament in the latter half of the eighteenth century?
It shared power with the king, gradually gaining the upper hand.
Which of the following is the correct order regarding the location of Napoleon?
Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Saint Helena
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the writer who said each of us is born with a tabula rasa was
John Locke.
The Austrian ruler whose reform program abolished serfdom, eliminated internal trade barriers, and instituted a new penal code, among other things, was
Joseph II
Which of these leaders asserted, "I have made Philosophy the lawmaker of my empire"?
Joseph II
Who among the following should NOT be considered an enlightened despot?
Louis XIV.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding developments in the French Revolution prior to September 1792?
Louis XVI was an enthusiastic supporter of the revolutionary events.
The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was
Montesquieu.
Which of the following was not an immediate result of the fall of Robespierre?
Napoleon was elected President of France.
Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the Seven Years' War?
The Dutch permanently withdrew from the New World.
The most active opponent of religious intolerance and the most outspoken anti-Christians among the philosophes were
Voltaire and Diderot.
Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at
Yorktown.
Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?
a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
The illegal event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the
action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
argued that, in accord with the general will, people could be forced to be free.
All of the following were true about European population and food supplies in the eighteenth century except
as the century progressed, the European population declined.
Enlightenment advocates of economic liberalism
believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest.
Rene Descartes
claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
The Committee of Public Safety was established to
combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion.
The French Revolution
created an army of 650,000.
Which of the following was not one of the positive buzzwords of the Enlightenment?
divine revelation
The United States Constitution of 1787
employed Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers.
All of the following were relevant to Newton's discoveries except
his theories had no spiritual ramifications.
The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the
near bankruptcy of the French Treasury.
In eighteenth-century Europe,
nobles constituted approximately two or three percent of the population.
The system that came to be known as the cottage industry involved all except
peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs.
In the American Revolution, the rebels
received the support of a number of European countries.
Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by
seizing power in a coup d'etat.
The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the
signing of the Declaration of Independence.
A discovery made by Galileo was the
similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth.
Newton's Principia
supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was
textiles.
The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except
the planets were believed to be imperfect and material.
The philosophes generally included all of the following except
the rural lower classes.
The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus and Galileo because they
threatened the Scriptures, as the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter.
The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the
use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.
Cartesian dualism
viewed mind and matter as two distinct and separate entities.
Enlightened absolutism
was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations.
Enlightened despotism
was limited by the social and political reality of the hereditary aristocracy.
