Chapter 19, 21, 22

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats.

12 to 18

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

2.5 cm; 15-20

There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth.

20

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day.

1.0-1.5 L

Asthma is

?

Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?

A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.

Materials can move across capillary walls by

All of the answers are correct

During deglutition,

All of the answers are correct.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

All of the answers are correct.

________ crush and grind food.

Both bicuspids and molars

Define emulsification. (Module 22.22A)

Breakdown of lipid droplets by bile salts

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

Capillaries

Distinguish between chemical digestion and absorption. (Module 22.5B)

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food, whereas absorption involves the movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium into the interstitial fluid.

Which statement describes irreversible shock?

Circulatory collapse occurs when arteriolar smooth muscles and precapillary sphincters become unable to contract.

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

Cuspids

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent.

Cystic fibrosis

Distinguish among efferent vessels, afferent vessels, and exchange vessels. (Module 19.1D)

Efferent vessels carry blood away from the heart, afferent vessels carry blood to the heart, and exchange vessels exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Define ingestion. (Module 22.5A)

Entry of food and liquids into the digestive tract through the mouth.

What bacterium is responsible for most peptic ulcers? (Module 22.24C)

Helicobactor pylori

Define hemorrhoids. (Module 22.17B)

Hemorrhoids are distended veins in the distal portion of the rectum.

Describe hepatitis. (Module 22.24A)

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

Incisors

What would happen to the alveoli if surfactant were not produced? (Module 21.7C)

The alveoli would collapse because of the normally high surface tension of the water coating the alveolar surfaces.

Describe the pulmonary circuit. (Module 19.1A)

The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.

Compare the two main bronchi. (Module 21.5A)

The right main bronchus is larger in diameter than the left main bronchus and it descends toward the lung at a steeper angle than the left main bronchus.

Describe the systemic circuit. (Module 19.1B)

The systemic circuit transports blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium.

Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries? (Module 19.4A)

Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart.

What factors are involved in the formation of varicose veins? (Module 19.4D)

Varicose veins form when the vein walls weaken and the valves fail so blood begins to pool in the veins.

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

alveoli

Pancreatic endocrine cells secrete all of the following except

amylase

The enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates is

amylase

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as

anatomic dead space.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except

antibody production.

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

appendix.

Fenestrated capillaries:

are found in the choroid plexus of the brain and the capillaries of the hypothalamus.

Which is greater: arterial pressure or venous pressure? (Module 19.5B)

arterial pressure

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

atrioventricular septal defect.

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

body

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain.

brain stem

RBCs move single file through this structure.

capillary

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

The root of a tooth is covered by

cement

The "C" in COPD stands for

chronic

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?

circulatory shock

Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?

contraction of the external anal sphincter

The conchae

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

cricoid

________ are also known as canines.

cuspids

Which of the following is a function of the incisors?

cutting

Name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal. (Module 22.13A)

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called

emulsification.

The crown of a tooth is covered by

enamel

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

epiglottis.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the

foramen ovale.

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

four

Bile is stored in the

gallbladder

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate.

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures.

hilum

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as

hypoxia.

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

ileum

All of the following occur after hemorrhage, except

increase in blood pressure.

In quiet breathing,

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle(s).

internal intercostal

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

inversely proportional to pressure

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

Describe the lining of the stomach. (Module 22.10C)

it is lined with rugae

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

left lung

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the

lips.

The movement of materials along the digestive tract, as well as many secretory functions, is primarily controlled by which of the following?

local factors

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements.

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth.

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of the lungs

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the

mucus escalator

Name the regions and functions of the pharynx. (Module 22.8A)

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx; to provide a passageway for food to enter the esophagus and/or air to enter the larynx

Which muscle(s) contract(s) to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"?

none, quiet expiration is passive.

List the structures of the upper respiratory system. (Module 21.3A)

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

Emphysema

occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

oropharynx

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

pancreas

A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

patent ductus arteriosus

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis.

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

pharynx

The uvula is located at the

posterior margin of the soft palate

During inhalation:

pressure inside the lungs is less than pressure outside.

What branches from the trachea?

primary bronchi

What is the function of the salivary glands? (Module 22.18A)

produce mucin and enzymes

The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.

protein

The ultimate function of pulmonary ventilation is to

provide adequate alveolar ventilation.

The respiratory defense system is important for all of the following reasons except

providing gas exchange.

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?

respiratory

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

respiratory distress syndrome.

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit? (Module 19.1C)

right atrium

Which of the following is not a function of the tongue?

saliva production

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

small intestine

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

sphincters

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

store and concentrate bile

Name the three pairs of salivary glands. (Module 22.19A)

sublingual, submandibular, and parotid

Which pair of salivary glands contributes most to saliva production? (Module 22.19C)

submandibular

Which pair of salivary glands secretes substances that reduce oral bacteria populations? (Module 22.19D)

submandibular

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

submucosal plexus.

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by

the cerebral cortex

The glottis is

the opening to the larynx.

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases.

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

they are equal

What is the importance of the mesenteries? (Module 22.2A)

they support and stabilize organs of the abdominal cavity and provide a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

The right lung has ________; the left lung has ________.

three lobes; two lobes

The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the

thyroid cartilage.

Trace the pathway of airflow along the passages of the lower respiratory tract. (Module 21.5C)

trachea — main bronchi — lobar bronchi — segmental bronchi — terminal bronchioles — pulmonary lobule

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

uvula

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

vasodilation.

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

The most common congenital heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

vestibule.

Define edema. (Module 19.8B)

Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues.

Which is true regarding the defecation reflex?

It involves two positive feedback loops.

Why is it beneficial for capillary pressure to be very low? (Module 19.5C)

It is beneficial for capillary pressure to be low to allow time for diffusion between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid.

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava?

It is considered a large vein.

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Molars

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking and lung damage is true?

Neoplasia is not reversible, even if the person stops smoking, but can be treated by surgery.

Define respiratory rate. (Module 21.11A)

Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken each minute.

Describe the structures of the glottis. (Module 21.4B)

The glottis contains the vocal folds that contain the vocal ligaments and the rima glottidis which is the opening between the vocal folds.

Name the immediate and long-term problems related to hemorrhage. (Module 19.13B)

The immediate problem related to hemorrhage is maintaining adequate blood pressure and peripheral blood flow. The long-term problems related to hemorrhage is to restore normal blood volume.

Which of these age-based changes is false?

Vital capacity increases.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

In which of the following would the resistance be greater?

a vessel 10 microns in diameter

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

decrease intestinal motility.

Identify the primary inspiratory muscles. (Module 21.10A)

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

MARK 3336 LECTURE QUIZZES CH 1-8

View Set

COMPTIA A+ 220-1001: CONFIGURING A WIRED/WIRELESS NETWORK

View Set

C13 Section 3: RNA and Gene Expression

View Set