Chapter 19 exam

20) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

72) Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except

C C) inhibition of EPO secretion.

76) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

C C) lungs.

70) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the) volume in the arterial and capillary systems

C C) reduces; increases

63) Identify the vein labeled "15."

C C) ulnar

95) Sinusoids can be found in the

C liver

94) Identify the vein labeled "8."

C subclavian

41) The most inferior of the following blood vessels is the

E) dorsalis pedis artery.

118) The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep

B external iliac

105) What factors are involved in the formation of varicose veins? (Module 19.4D) 105)

A Varicose veins form when the vein walls weaken and the valves fail so blood begins to pool in the veins.

82) Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

A arteries

117) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A concentration of plasma proteins

17) What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2 levels? (Module 19.11C)

A decreases CO2 levels

107) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

B 100

119) Why is it beneficial for capillary pressure to be very low? (Module 19.5C)

B B) It is beneficial for capillary pressure to be low to allow time for diffusion between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid.

110) Describe the pattern of fetal blood flow to and from the placenta. (Module 19.24A) 110) A)

B Deoxygenated blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through a pair of umbilical arteries, and oxygenated blood returns from the placenta in a single umbilical vein.

108) The umbilical arteries branch from the 108)

B internal iliac arteries

121) A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

B patent ductus arteriosus

90) Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

B pulmonary arteries

112) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

B release of renin

19) Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit? (Module 19.1C)

B right atrium

86) Arteries that directly supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ 8

B tibial

16) List the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance. (Module 19.6A)

B vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel luminal diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence

30) Define tissue perfusion. (Module 19.9A)

B) Tissue perfusion is blood flow to tissues sufficient to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients.

52) In which of the following would the resistance be greater?

B) a vessel 10 microns in diameter

54) Name the first two branches of the common iliac artery. (Module 19.22A)

B) an external iliac artery and an internal artery

109) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the

E celiac trunk

97) The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs.

E femoral

6) An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the

E oxygenated: systemic

9) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

E pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

103) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the duodenum, and most of the large intestine is the

E superior mesenteric artery

120) Blood pressure is lowest in the

E veins

44) The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal

A ductus arteriosus

98) Identify the artery labeled "16."

A inferior mesenteric

59) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in

A interatrial septum.

91) The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is

A tunica media.

45) ________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed.

A) Autoregulation

5) Explain the equation Ra 1/r4

A) RESISTANCE is INVERSELY proportional to the 4th POWER of the RAdius

49) All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except

A) The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.

57) Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result of this injury, you would expect to observe all of the following except

A) an increase in cardiac output.

37) The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is 37) the ________ vein

A) brachiocephalic

43) List the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the visceral organs.

A) celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery

55) The ________ vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the radial side of the forearm.

A) cephalic

35) Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?

A) decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

39) Name the three branches of the internal carotid artery. (Module 19.19A)

A) ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral arteries

92) Calculate the mean arterial pressure for a person whose blood pressure is 125/70. (Module 19.7C)

A 88.3 mm Hg

78) After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

A A) axillary

68) The fetal dorsal aorta later forms the adult

A A) descending aorta.

66) As blood travels from arteries to veins

A A) pressure drops.

21) Distinguish among efferent vessels, afferent vessels, and exchange vessels. (Module 19.1D)

A Efferent vessels carry blood away from the heart, afferent vessels carry blood to the heart, and exchange vessels exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between the blood and interstitial fluid.

77) Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?

B B) channeling blood away from the heart

61) Blood is drained from the liver by the

B B) hepatic vein.

73) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

B B) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

64) Define edema. (Module 19.8B)

B Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues.

88) Which would reduce peripheral resistance: an increase in vessel length or an increase in vessel diameter? (Module 19.6C)

B an increase in vessel diameter

1)Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A)

B aorta

47) The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the

B basilar artery.

60) After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?

B circulatory shock

84) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the

B hepatic portal vein

2) The ductus venosus delivers blood to the

B inferior vena cava.

46) Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except

B lungs

13) ALL THE FOLLOWING ultimately arise from the external iliac artery except the

B obturator artery.

18) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

B parasympathetic innervation

33) When renin is released from the kidney

B) angiotensin I formation is triggered.

24) All of the veins listed are deep veins except

B) cephalic

25) The fetal cardinal veins later form the adult

B) superior and inferior vena cavae

23) Branches off the aortic arch include all of the following except

B) the right subclavian artery

7) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

C arterioles dilate.

14)ALL THE VESSELS names below refer to both an artery and a vein except

C basilic

12) At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the ________ vein.

C femoral

11) The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration

C increases edema.

42) Which vessel collects most of the venous blood inferior to the diaphragm? (Module 19.20A)

C inferior vena cava

100) Major branches of the right subclavian artery include the ________ arteries.

C internal thoracic and vertebral

8) Veins of the upper arm include all of the following veins except

C median cubital vein

34) Describe the pulmonary circuit. (Module 19.1A)

C) The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.

50) Name the arterial structure in the neck region that contains baroreceptors. (Module 19.18B)

C) carotid sinus

40) The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the

C) median cubital vein

32) The cephalic vein merges with the axillary vein to become the

C) subclavian vein.

56) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

C) tunica media

96) Arrange the following structures in the correct order as blood would pass through them. 96) 1. left atrium 2. pulmonary arteries 3. systemic veins 4. right ventricle 5. right atrium 6. pulmonary veins

D D) 3,5,4,2,6,1

80) Materials can move across capillary walls by A) filtration. B) diffusion. C) reabsorption. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

D D) All of the answers are correct

71) What is the function of hemangioblasts? (Module 19.14B)

D D) Hemangioblasts remodel blood islands first into capillary networks and then into larger arterial and venous networks.

69) Branches of the popliteal artery include the

D D) anterior tibial

99) Identify the major branches of the inferior vena cava. (Module 19.20B)

D D) lumbar, gonadal, hepatic, renal, adrenal, and phrenic veins

4) Name the immediate and long-term problems related to hemorrhage. (Module 19.13B)

D The immediate problem related to hemorrhage is maintaining adequate blood pressure and peripheral blood flow. The long-term problems related to hemorrhage is to restore normal blood volume.

81) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located

D between the right atrium and left atrium.

3) Compared to arteries, veins

D have thinner walls.

85) Edema is not favored when 85)

D interstitial fluid movement increases.

93) The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

D sinusoids

48) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

D) continuous capillaries

28) Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

D) fenestrated capillaries.

36) All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except

D) increase in blood pressure.

29) An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

D) internal carotid

38) At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein

D) subclavian

89) Grace is in an automobile accident, and her celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs will be affected most directly by this injury? (Module 19.20C)

E stomach, inferior portion of the esophagus, spleen, liver, gallbladder, and proximal portion of the small intestine.

15) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers

E tunica externa

26) What are blood islands, and from which cells do they form? (Module 19.14A)

E) Blood islands are aggregations of embryonic cells scattered within the yolk sac that form blood vessels and blood cells.

58) Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the

E) basilar artery.

51) Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the

E) inferior mesenteric vein.

22) Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm

E) radial

53) Near the carotid sinus,

E) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

27) A blood clot that blocks the popliteal vein would interfere with blood flow in which other veins?

E) tibial and fibular veins and the small saphenous vein

79) Identify the artery labeled "6."

E E) common iliac

75) The two common iliac veins form the

E E) inferior vena cava.

10) Describe the distribution of total blood volume in the body. (Module 19.4C)

A The volume is divided into the systemic venous system (64%), systemic arterial in the heart (7%), pulmonary circulation (9%), and systemic capillaries (7%).

87) Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries? (Module 19.4A)

A Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart.

122) Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries.

C common iliac

114) Identify the hormones responsible for short-term regulation of decreasing blood pressure and 114) blood volume. (Module 19.10A)

C epinephrine and norepinephrine

101) Which of the following does not affect blood flow through the body?

C kidney disease

123) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

C precapillary sphincters.

125) The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the)

C superior vena cava

126) Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

C the left subclavian artery

116) In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false?

C) Both hearts weigh about the same.

113) Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from 113) the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

D 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5,

102) Where is blood pressure highest?

D artery

104) The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the

D foramen ovale

127) Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the

D medulla oblongata.

111) All of the vessels listed ultimately arise from the common carotid artery except the

D vertebral artery

124) To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body 124) A) increases water intake. B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. E) All of the answers are correct.

E All of the answers are correct.

67) Describe autoregulation as it relates to cardiovascular function. (Module 19.9B)

E E) Autoregulation involves local factors changing the pattern of blood flow within capillary beds in response to chemical changes in interstitial fluids.

62) The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

E E) atrioventricular septal defect.

74) The earliest precursor cells that give rise to blood cells are

E E) hemangioblasts.

65) Identify the branches of the external carotid artery. (Module 19.18A) 65)

E E) superficial temporal, maxillary, occipital, facial, and lingual arterie

83) At what sties in the body are fenestrated capillaries located? (Module 19.3B)

E Fenestrated capillaries are located in endocrine glands, the choroid plexus of the brain, absorptive areas of the intestine, and filtration areas of the kidneys.

31) The plantar venous arch carries blood to which three veins? (Module 19.22B)

E anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular veins

115) Identify the artery labeled "1." 115)

E brachiocephalic

106) RBCs move single file through this structure.

E capillary