Chapter 2 Rad Structure of matter

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Atomic Mass

# of nucleons+protons+neutrons

proton

+1

electron

-1, 2000 times smaller charge

Amu of an electron is

0

neutron

0, similar to proton but neutral charge

3.3 half-lives =

1 tenth life

one atomic mass unit is equal to________ the mass of a carbon-12 atom

1/12

neutrons and protons(nucleons) are each nearly________ times ________ of electrons

2000, mass

Maximum electrons per shell is

2n^2 where n is shell number

Maximum electrons per shell

2n^2, n=shell number

What is the atomic number of an atom with 5 protons, seven neutrons, and six electrons?

5

AMU # example

6.989

what are the maximum number of electrons shells possible in an atom?

7

If there is an R shell what us the max # in P shell

72

Maximum # of electrons in the outer shell is

8

The outermost shell of an atom can have a maximum of

8

Electron mass in kilograms

9.1x10^-31

What is the particle called that is made of two protons bound to two neutrons( same as a Helium nucleus)?

Alpha particle

Isobar

Atomic nuclei that has the same atomic mass(nucleons) number but different # of protons(different atomic numbers) and different #of neutrons

Through the process of ionic bonding, two atoms:

Attract

__________ was miniature solar system in which the electrons revolve about the nucleus in prescribed orbits or ____________

Bohr's model, energy levels

his work resulted in the first periodic table of the elements

Dimitri Mendeleev

What fundamental particle gas an atomic mass number of 0?

Electron

Which of the following has the least mass?

Electron

What keeps electrons in the shells of their atoms?

Electron binding energy

Atoms in each of the Periodic Table of the Elements have the same number of

Electron shells

An alpha particle is not an atom because it has no:

Electrons

this is determined by the relative abundance of Isotopes and their respective atomic masses

Elemental Mass

Photons are emitted in:

Gamma rays

Atomic Mass Unit

Is equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon - 12 atom

Atomic mass( protons+neutrons+electrons)

Is the same as elemental mass

What are atoms called that have the same number if neutrons but different number of protons?

Isotones

What are atoms called that have a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons?

Isotopes

Centrifugal force

Keeps electrons at their distance from the nucleus(flying out from the center force)

in their normal State atoms are electrically _________ , the electric charge of the atom is ___________

Neutral, zero

Group VII

Nobel gases

Beta particle

Occurs more frequently and has mass

the number of __________ plus the number ________ in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic mass number, symbolizing by A

Protons, neutrons

The atomic mass is measured by the :

Sum of protons, electrons, and neutrons

If you change the # of protons

The element change

radioactivity

The emission of particles and energy in able to become stable

Centripetal force

The force that keeps an electron in orbit and from flying away from the( also called Center seeking Force) because of opposite charges attract

The larger the atom

The higher the binding energy in inner shells

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element(Z number)

Isomer

The same atomic number and the same atomic mass number; difference in the nucleon arrangement and resultant different energy states.

radioactive decay

The transformation process of an atom to become another atom through the emission of particles and energy

which of the following is not a fundamental particle?

alpha particle

these particles have for atomic mass units, or positive in charge, and originated from the nucleus of heavy elements

alpha particles

The smallest particle of an element is

atom

a measurable quantity of sodium bicarbonate constitutes a chemical compound commonly called

baking soda

these particles produced through radioactive decay have an atomic mass number of 0 and have a unit of negative charge

beta particle

X-rays

comes from the electron cloud

What are combinations of elements that are bonded together called?

compounds

The two primary bonding that occur when atoms combine into molecules.

covalent and ionic bonding

The process in which two atoms bond by sharing some of the same electrons, which revolve around both nuclei.

covalent bonding

Beta emission

ejected from nucleus and a neutron converts to a proton

the orbit around the nucleus of an atom and has negative electrical charge

electron

the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus is called the

electron binding energy

the fundamental particles of an atoms are

electrons protons and neutrons

Ulta's have mass but no charge true or false

false

centrifugal force

flying out of the center

These _________ are emitted from the nucleus of a radiostotope and are usually associated with Alpha and beta emissions and these_________ produced outside the nucleus in the electron shell

gamma rays, x-rays

Columns are

groups

He

has 2 protons

Alpha particle

has a positive charge and mass

Gamma rays

has no mass or charge and comes from the nucleus

sodium and chloride are attracted to one another but result in an_________ because they have opposite electrostatic charge

ionic bond

occurs when two oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other

ionic bonding

When an orbital electron is removed from an atom.

ionized

Atomic Mass Unit

is more accurate

atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different protons are

isotones

atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are

isotopes

The smallest particle of an compound is a

molecule

the smallest particle of a compound is a________ and the smallest particle of an element is an ______

molecule, atom

What electrical charge does an atom with an extra electron have

negative

what is the electric charge of a beta particles due to radioactive decay?

negative

Nucleons

neutrons + protons

group VII elements that are highly resistant to reactions with other elements

noble gases

ionizing radiation is either_________ or_______ radiation

particulate, electromagnetic

X-rays and gamma-rays are often called this form of electromagnetic energy

photons

Physicist calls the shell number "n" the __________

principal quantum number

The nucleus of every atom has at least one

proton

nucleons

protons + nucleons

the atomic number of elements is the number of

protons in the nucleus

these two particles are composed of quarks that are held together by gluons

protons, neutrons,( which are called nucleons)

this is the process where the nucleus spontaneously emits particles and energy and transfer itself into another atom

radioactive decay

the time required for the quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one half its original value

radioactive half-life

radioisotopes

radioactive isotope

some atoms, which contain too many or too few neutrons in the nucleus can disintegrate. This is called

radioactivity

A radioactive atom.

radionuclide

rows in the Periodic table

relate to the number of electron shells present

Columns in the Periodic table

relate to the number of electrons in the outermost shells

Electron shells

represent different electron binding energies or energy levels

Alpha emission

results in arim transforms to another element ( loses two protons) and becomes negatively charged

half-life

time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced by half

atoms cannot be ionized by the addition or subtraction of protons because they are bound very strongly together and that would change the type of atom. True or false

true

positive beta particles are positrons. true or false

true

the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom is equal to its group in the periodic table true or false

true


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