chapter 20 quiz

After 1600, Akbar was faced with domestic insurrection led by his own son Salim which nearly brought an untimely end to the latter's claims as heir apparent. In the end, however, Salim was able to prevail and ascend the throne as ________.

Jahangir

The Mughals built fortresses at strategic points throughout their inner domains as well as along the frontier, and the largest was the Red Fort in ________.

Delhi

Aided by the ease of travel within the Mongol Empire, ________ had, by the fourteenth century, become the dominant religion among the Central Asian Turkic peoples.

Islam

During the seventeenth century, all but one of the following European nations largely supplanted Iberian influence in the region:

Italy

The Mughals appointed members of the new ________ elite to positions in the provincial governments and state ministries.

Mansabdar

The familiar term "pajamas" comes from the ________ word pajama, the lightweight summer garments worn in India and popularized as sleepwear in Europe.

Hindi

Indian ________ calicoes (named for the Indian port of Calicut) proved immensely popular in Europe for underwear and summer clothing.

Cotton

Aurangzeb's long rule renewed the Mughal trend of expanding into the Northeastern areas controlled by the Ahoms, whom he ultimately succeeded in converting into ________ after a military standstill.

Mughal representatives

Zahir-Ud-Din Muhammad was better known by his nickname, Babur, which means "leopard" or "tiger" in ________.

Persian

Mughal relations with Safavid Persia, where ________ was the official state religion, meant a certain influence on the Mughal court was unavoidable.

Shia Islam

Akbar wore his hair long under his turban like the ________.

Sikhs

These discriminatory religious policies also created great distrust and many difficulties in dealing with self-governing, non-Muslim groups within the empire, most notably among the ________, who blended Hindu and Muslim traditions.

Sikhs

The House of Timur's new rulers, especially his son Humayun, were now faced with the problem of consolidating, organizing, and administrating Babur's vast domain. Unfortunately, Humayun's interests were geared more toward ________ mysticism, poetry, astrology, and, at times, wine and opium than they were toward responsible leadership.

Sufi

As distasteful as it was for a ________ to curry favor from the Safavid ruler Shah Tahmasp, Humayan received his support and reclaimed his throne in 1555.

Sunni Muslim

Which of the following is not a long-term consequence of the creation of a world trading system by the European maritime powers:

the Dutch and the British saw a sharp decline in their supremacy in India

The basic administrative unit of the Mughals was the ________, a unit comprising an area usually containing a town and from a dozen to about a hundred villages.

pargana

After the reimposition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, Hindus who had newly converted to Islam:

preserved their caste and clan affiliation, especially in terms of profession

Like his model Genghis Khan, Timur:

proved surprisingly liberal in the treatment of at least some cities that surrendered

Aurangzeb spent much of the last two decades of his life campaigning against the ________.

Hindu Marathas

Akbar married the Rajput princess Manmati, despite her adherence to:

Hinduism

In the 1550s, Mughal forces secured the eastern, southern, and western flanks of their lands, anchoring Islam with the territory they called "________".

Hindustan

Under Akbar's leadership, the Mughal armies were able to bring the eastern, southern and western flanks of their lands into their fold and again anchoring Islam in the former areas of its influence, the heartland of Northern India, or ________.

Hindustan

________ turned the running of his empire over to his wife, the striking Persian princess Nur Jahan, on several occasions, and she mediated the succession wars after his death.

Jahangir

The astronomers of the Kerala school had calculated elliptical orbits for the visible planets a century in advance of ________.

Johannes Kepler

The end of the fourteenth century marked the stunning rise of Temur Gurgan, who was widely known from the Persian rendering of his name as Timur the ________.

Lame

________ reimposed the hated jizya tax on non-Muslisms, which had been abolished by Akbar.

Aurangzeb

A four-way struggle broke out among the sons of Shah Jahan when he became ill in ________.

1657

The Mughals' primary challenge for control over Hindustan and the crucial Silk Road trade came from the ________ princes and their Persian allies.

Afghan

Inconsolable after the loss of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan built a magnificent tomb complex in her honor near ________.

Agra

In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for:

Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection

The Golden Temple in the city of ________ became the religious center of the Sikhs, and they defended their faith against the repressive policies of Aurangzeb.

Amritsar

The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genres, with ________ remaining the chief languages of literature.

Arabic and Persian

Women could, and often did, exercise a greater degree of power and influence among the ________ than among most other groups in India.

Turkic peoples

Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims:

as proof that he had actually become a non-believer

Akbar had a sudden intense mystical experience in 1578, gradually developing a personal philosophy he called "sulh-i kulli", meaning "________".

at peace with all

Akbar's four principal ministries included all of the following except:

diplomatic relations with European trading companies

By the time of Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Marathas had set up their own administrative system with forts and taxes, and were:

encouraging raids on Mughal caravans and pack trains

The skills of Hindus and Jains were increasingly sought by the Mughal court, and Akbar made a Hindu his ________.

finance minister

The memory of Humayun's ________ was galling to the Mughals.

forced conversion to Shiism

The Persian tradition of miniature painting flourished in Mughal India, as did larger works on a variety of surfaces, while charcoal sketches and the ________ painting technique were the artistic media of choice.

gouache

Jahangir's son Khusrau was forced to watch as his comrades were put to death by ________.

impalement

Under Mughal rule, an elaborate, graded system of official ranks was created in which the recipients, called ________, were awarded grants of land along with the revenues those working the lands generated.

mansabdars

For the English, the acquisition of Bombay (Mumbai) from the ________ in the 1660s gave the British East India Company superb harbor.

Portuguese

Akbar ordered the building of the city of Fatehpur Sikri to give thanks to and honor the memory of ________, a Sufi holy man who had predicted the birth of a male son to Akbar, on the site of the holy man's camp in the village Sikri.

Salim Chisti

After Jahangir's death in 1627, his son Khurram inherited the throne and reigned as Shah Jahan. His rule coincide with perhaps the high point of Mughal cultural power and prestige, as reflected in its iconic monument, the ________.

Taj Mahal

The desire for a new Mongol empire, now allied with Islam, created opportunities for military action to unite and settle the nomadic tribes of Chaghatay, leading to the rise in the fourteenth century of ________, or Tamerlane.

Temur Gurgan

Muhammad Ghauth Gwaliori's ________ tapped sources from Hindu and Muslim astrology, Jewish Kabbala traditions, and Sufi mysticism.

The Five Jewels

While relations between Muslims and India's other religions were syncretic, in that they co-existed but remained largely separate, the political and social systems created by the Mughals were in many respects a successful example of the ________ of an "extraction state" and several centuries of ruling more settled areas.

synthesis