Chapter 21

100

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

doubled

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

a greater resistance to blood flow

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

internal elastic membrane

In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

artery

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

the subclavian artery

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

lungs

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ________.

left atrium

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

decreases blood flow

Resistance is a force that

lymphatic system

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the:

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

hepatic portal vein

The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver.

concentration of plasma proteins

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

pulse

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure

pulse

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

hydrostatic; osmotic

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

large vein

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

external elastic membrane

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

arteriole

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

tunica media

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the.... Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

oxygen; left atrium

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________ .

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

stroke

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

vascular resistance

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

tunica intima

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica externa

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

vascular resistance

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?

The net filtration pressure is usually zero

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

pituitary

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

venules

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

E) all of the answers are correct

Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) hypertension. B) stroke. C) coronary artery disease. D) myocardial infarction. E) All of the answers are correct.

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

pressure decreases

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

equal to

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

capillary

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

arteries

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

vein

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

both heart rate and stroke volume increase

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I

When renin is released from the kidney,

E) All of the answers are correct

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) blood viscosity B) vessel diameter C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) All of the answers are correct.

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

hypertension

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

precapillary sphincter

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

arterioles dilate

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

B) (pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.)

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression.

D) parasympathetic innervation.

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction.

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff

Blood pressure is determined by

veins

Blood pressure is lowest in the

continuous capillaries

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

arterial pressure

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

have thinner walls

Compared to arteries, veins

heart

Venous valves are responsible for channeling blood toward the

A) increased hematocrit.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except A) increased hematocrit. B) increased vessel diameter. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of angiotensin II. C) increased blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

A) release of renin

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) decreased levels of aldosterone.

salt and water loss in the kidneys

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

capillaries

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

E) All of the answers are correct

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A) high cholesterol B) lack of exercise C) smoking D) obesity E) All of the answers are correct.

venules

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

precapillary artrioles

The smallest arterial branches are called the

E) All of the answers are correct.

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) increases water intake. E) All of the answers are correct.

vein

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

reduces; increases

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

vein

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?