Chapter 23: The United States and the Cold War, 1945—1953

Dixiecrats were southern Democrats who withdrew from the Democratic Party during the 1948 presidential election. Which of the following statements best describe Dixiecrats?

Dixiecrats felt that civil rights for all threatened freedom. Dixiecrats opposed civil rights legislation. Dixiecrats favored improving economic cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union.

In the article below, identify the passage(s) in which Handlin describes the arguments made by some in support of the McCarran-Walter Act.

More recent defenders of the quota system, unwilling to endorse the open racism that gave it birth, have urged that the differentiations it establishes be regarded as cultural rather than racial. The South Italian or the Syrian, it is argued, is culturally less capable of adjusting to American life than the Englishman or the German

What does the map reveal about the Korean War?

The Chinese counteroffensive extended throughout North Korea and into South Korea. The UN offensive successfully occupied most of North Korea.

Identify the statement that describes the impact of the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952.

The act authorized the government to deport American citizens born abroad

Identify the statements that describe the 1948 presidential election.

Based on the political polling of the time, Dewey was expected to defeat Truman easily. It was the last election before television shifted the focus away from substantive debate to flashy political advertisements.

Identify the statements that accurately describe the similar foreign policies of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union in relation to decolonization efforts after World War II.

Economic interests were the most powerful driver of foreign policy for all three countries during the Cold War. The United States did not encourage repressed colonial peoples throughout the world to strive for political freedom. The United States and Great Britain had mixed results with decolonization in their spheres of influence during the Cold War.

After Truman gained support for the Truman Doctrine in 1947, this foreign policy informed American foreign policy in several critical ways. Identify the ramifications of Truman's initiative.

It began a long period of bipartisan support for the containment policy. Truman's Doctrine and foreign policy reflects the point in which the United States assumed a permanent global responsibility.

Post-World War II Europe was largely divided into zones of noncommunist influence (North American Treaty Organization [NATO] countries) and communist influence (Warsaw Pact countries). Some regions remained unaligned. Drag the appropriate label to identify the alliances of the countries highlighted on the map below, in the years following the Second World War.

NATO country: France, Italy Warsaw Pact country: Poland , Soviet Union unaligned country:Sweden, Spain

How did nonpolitical artists in the United States become weapons in the cultural Cold War?

The CIA funded the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Members of Congress labeled Jackson Pollack's "abstract expressionism" as un-American.

By 1950, the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) published the policy statement commonly known as "NSC-68." Which of the following events prompted the NSC to require a permanent military build-up to defeat communism throughout the world?

The Soviet Union tested its own atomic bomb. The communists were victorious in the civil war in China.

The Soviet Union and the United States claimed to provide all citizens with social and economic rights. Identify the statements that describe the reality of their citizens' rights during this time.

The United States and the Soviet Union refused to accept outside interference in their internal affairs to support enforcement of the Declaration of Human Rights. The United States and the Soviet Union adopted some, but not all, provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Postwar anxiety increased in 1949 after a series of startling events showcased that the Cold War could be just as intense as a "hot" war. Identify the events that occurred in 1949, causing the world to anticipate renewed military action.

The United States, Canada, and ten western European nations pledged to mutually defend each other against any future attack by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb. The Berlin airlift was declared a success.

What is totalitarianism?

Totalitarianism is a government's attempt to obtain complete control of its citizens' private lives and decisions.

The U.S. Congress approved the Marshall Plan because it would combat the idea that __________ was on the decline. It was envisioned as the _______ for Europe and was one of the most _______ foreign aid programs in history.

capitalism New Deal successful

In the congressional elections of 1946, ______ Democrats from the South and Republicans in the North regained control of the U.S. Congress. Anticipating ______ of his proposals in Congress during a presidential election year, Truman proposed legislation to promote ______.

conservative rejection racial, economic, and social equality

Congress struck a blow against organized labor with the passage of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act. Which of the following were features of this legislation?

feature of the Taft-Hartley Act banned unionization efforts by public employeesprohibited states from passing "right to work" laws granted the president the ability to suspend strikes forced union officials to swear that they were not communists prohibited mandatory union membership in unionized workplaces

During the Cold War hysteria that gripped American society in the 1950s, what were communist sympathizers prohibited from doing based on certain individual state laws?

fishing becoming professional wrestlers holding a driver's license

Mainstream black organizations at first _________ the Truman administration's loyalty program, and were frustrated by the assertion that communism was considered "un-American" while ____________ was not. Eventually, the Cold War caused a shift in thinking and tactics among civil rights groups. A few prominent black leaders, such as __________ , became outspoken critics of the Cold War, while the majority felt forced to go along with the political and social changes of the era.

protested racism W. E. B. Du Bois

The U.S. military under General Douglas MacArthur undertook an ambitious reconstruction program in occupied Japan. Identify the reforms implemented in Japan in the years following World War II.

reform implemented in Japan following World War SELECT A LABEL the right to vote for women renunciation of war and armed aggression not a reform implemented in Japan following World War SELECT A LABEL dissolution of Japan's giant industrial corporations