Chapter 2.4

A bar chart and a Pareto chart both use bars to show frequencies of categories of categorical data. What characteristic distinguishes a Pareto chart from a bar​ chart, and how does that characteristic help us in understanding the​ data?

In a Pareto​ chart, the bars are always arranged in descending order according to frequencies. The Pareto chart helps us understand data by drawing attention to the more important​ categories, which have the highest frequencies.

Why is it important to learn about bad​ graphs?

So that we can critically analyze a graph to determine whether it is misleading

Which of the following is a common distortion that occurs in​ graphs?

Using a​ two-dimensional object to represent data that are​ one-dimensional in nature

In a​ graph, if one or both axes begin at some value other than​ zero, the differences are exaggerated. This bad graphing method is known as​ _______.

a nonzero axis.

A​ _______ is a plot of paired data​ (x,y) and is helpful in determining whether there is a relationship between the two variables.

scatterplot

Which of the following is NOT true about statistical​ graphs?

They utilize areas or volumes for data that are​ one-dimensional in nature.

A​ _______ is a graph of each data value plotted as a point.

dotplot

​A(n) _______ uses line segments to connect points located directly above class midpoint values.

frequency polygon

We utilize statistical​ _______ to look for features that reveal some useful or interesting characteristics of the data set.

graphs

When drawings of objects are used to depict​ data, false impressions can be made. These drawings are called​ _______.

pictographs.