Chapter 26 Test

Most fluid in the body is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment. True/False?

False

One way the kidneys maintain HCO3- balance is by __________. a) generating new HCO3- b) reabsorbing H+ c) generating Na+ ions d) reabsorbing CO2

generating new HCO3-

Most water is excreted via the __________. a) kidneys b) intestines c) skin d) lungs

kidneys

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the __________ to __________ water excretion. a) intestines; decrease b) kidneys; decrease c) intestines; increase d) kidneys; increase

kidneys; decrease

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases Ca2+ deposition in the bones. True/False?

False PTH causes the release of Ca2+ from the bones, increases absorption of Ca2+ by the small intestine, and increases calcium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidneys.

Most of the hydrogen ions in the body come from acidic substances in the foods we ingest. True/False?

False Small amounts of acids enter the body via ingested foods. However, most H+ ions originate as metabolic by-products or end products. For example, the breakdown of phosphorus-containing proteins, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose, fat metabolism, and the loading and transport of CO2 in the blood all serve as sources of hydrogen ions in the body.

The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium. True/False?

False The most abundant cation (or positively charged ion) in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is sodium (Na+). The most abundant anion (or negatively charged ion) in the ECF is chloride (Cl-). The most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF) is potassium (K+). The most abundant anion in the ICF is hydrogen phosphate (HPO4-).

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte? a) sodium b) potassium c) glucose d) chloride

glucose

Which of the following is associated with a swelling of cells? a) edema b) hypotonic hydration c) dehydration d) hypoproteinemia

hypotonic hydration

Which of the following would increase sodium excretion? a) progesterone b) estrogens c) aldosterone d) glucocorticoids

progesterone Progesterone appears to decrease NaCl reabsorption by blocking the effect aldosterone has on the renal tubules

Someone who is suffocating would develop __________. a) metabolic alkalosis b) metabolic acidosis c) respiratory alkalosis d) respiratory acidosis

respiratory acidosis

Hyperventilation can lead to __________. a) respiratory alkalosis b) metabolic acidosis c) respiratory acidosis d) metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

The most important factor that influences K+ secretion is __________. a) the concentration of Na+ in blood plasma b) the level of aldosterone in the plasma c) the concentration of K+ in the ECF d) water balance in the body

the concentration of K+ in the ECF The single most important factor that influences K+ secretion is the concentration of K+ in the ECF.

Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma? a) the protein buffer system b) the phosphate buffer system c) the bicarbonate buffer system d) respiratory rate

the phosphate buffer system

Which of the following puts infants at increased risk for dehydration? a) their high residual lung volume b) their inefficient kidneys c) their low surface area to volume ratio d) their low metabolic rate

their inefficient kidneys