chapter 28

Christian Democrats

-Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War. -Offered voters tired of radical politics a center right vision of reconciliation and recovery -drew inspiration from a common christian and European heritage -faith in democracy and liberalism -returned to family traditions and values -advocated free-market economics and promised voters prosperity and ample supplies of consumer goods -established education subsidies, family and housing allowance, public Transportation and public health insurance

European Economic Community (Common Market)

-European unity. -gradual reduction of tariffs to create a single market, free movement of capital and labor, and common economic policies and institutions -encouraged trade among European states, promoted global exports and helped build shared resources for the modernization of national institutions

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

-founded in 1958 - first to land a man-made spacecraft on the moon 1969

the French president Charles de Gaulle?

-viewed the united states as the main threat to genuine French independence. -withdrew French military from "American-controlled Nato" -developed frances own Nuclear weapons -vetoed the scheduled advent of majority rule within the common market

Treaty of Rome (1957)

1. Created the European Economic Community (EEC), generally known as the Common Market 2. Marked the beginning of European economic integration

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Harry Truman

33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. -declared that the U.S. would never recognize any government established by force against the will of the people. -Truman asked congress to provide military aid to anticommunist forces in the Greek Civil war to counter the threat of the soviet expansion in Turkey

Green Revolution

Agricultural techniques used in developing countries that involve new, genetically modified seeds with high yield outputs, combined with high inputs of fertilizers, irrigation techniques, and pesticides

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)

Americans opened over 760 D.P. camps and spent $10billion to house, feed, clothe, and repatriate the refugees.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

An economic organization of Communist states meant to help rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices.

Nuremburg Trials (1945)

An international Military tribunal organization by the 4 allied powers tried highest-ranking Nazi military civilian leaders who had survived the war, charging them with war crimes and crimes against humanity

Cradle-to-Grave Welfare State

British government provided free medical services, hospital care, generous retirement pensions, and unemployment benefits

European Coal and Steel Community

Christian democratic governments in West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg founded this. A single, transnational market for steel and coal without national tariffs or quotas. British refused to join.

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

Computer used to break German military codes

Sputnik

First Soviet satellite in space which launched the space race.

General Charles de Gaulle

He resigned from his position as head of the provisional government in Jan 2946----> Christian democratic party

Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and Council of Europe

In order to receive the Marshall aid, the Americans required the European states to cooperate with one another

Social Market Economy (SME)

In western Germany, the Christian Democrats promoted an economy based on combination of free-market liberalism, limited state intervention, and extensive social benefits network.

Displaced Persons

Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children.

Warsaw Pact

Soviet-backed military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe

Economic Miracle

Term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth, often based on the consumer sector, in post-World War II western Europe.

George C. Marshall

The head of allied forces in World War II; proposed economic aid to to rebuild Western Europe -> Marshall Plan

Postdam Conference

This is the conference where Stalin, Truman, and Churchill came together to decide how Germany would be administered. Their goals were to establish order, settle peace treaty issues, and deal with the effects of WWII.

Iron Curtain

Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments

Denazification

identification and punishment for Nazis due to their crimes and the eradication of Nazi ideology from social and political institutions

Marshall Doctrine

plan to assist with economic aid in Europe

Big Science

the combining of theoretical work with sophisticated engineering in a large organization in order to attack extremely difficult problems.

Cold War (1945-1991)

the rivalry between the soviet union and the united states that divided much of europe into a soviet-aligned commuinst bloc and a US aligned capitalistic bloc