chapter 28
Christian Democrats
-Center-right political parties that rose to power in western Europe after the Second World War. -Offered voters tired of radical politics a center right vision of reconciliation and recovery -drew inspiration from a common christian and European heritage -faith in democracy and liberalism -returned to family traditions and values -advocated free-market economics and promised voters prosperity and ample supplies of consumer goods -established education subsidies, family and housing allowance, public Transportation and public health insurance
European Economic Community (Common Market)
-European unity. -gradual reduction of tariffs to create a single market, free movement of capital and labor, and common economic policies and institutions -encouraged trade among European states, promoted global exports and helped build shared resources for the modernization of national institutions
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
-founded in 1958 - first to land a man-made spacecraft on the moon 1969
the French president Charles de Gaulle?
-viewed the united states as the main threat to genuine French independence. -withdrew French military from "American-controlled Nato" -developed frances own Nuclear weapons -vetoed the scheduled advent of majority rule within the common market
Treaty of Rome (1957)
1. Created the European Economic Community (EEC), generally known as the Common Market 2. Marked the beginning of European economic integration
Truman Doctrine
1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
Harry Truman
33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. -declared that the U.S. would never recognize any government established by force against the will of the people. -Truman asked congress to provide military aid to anticommunist forces in the Greek Civil war to counter the threat of the soviet expansion in Turkey
Green Revolution
Agricultural techniques used in developing countries that involve new, genetically modified seeds with high yield outputs, combined with high inputs of fertilizers, irrigation techniques, and pesticides
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)
Americans opened over 760 D.P. camps and spent $10billion to house, feed, clothe, and repatriate the refugees.
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
An economic organization of Communist states meant to help rebuild East Bloc countries under Soviet auspices.
Nuremburg Trials (1945)
An international Military tribunal organization by the 4 allied powers tried highest-ranking Nazi military civilian leaders who had survived the war, charging them with war crimes and crimes against humanity
Cradle-to-Grave Welfare State
British government provided free medical services, hospital care, generous retirement pensions, and unemployment benefits
European Coal and Steel Community
Christian democratic governments in West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg founded this. A single, transnational market for steel and coal without national tariffs or quotas. British refused to join.
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
Computer used to break German military codes
Sputnik
First Soviet satellite in space which launched the space race.
General Charles de Gaulle
He resigned from his position as head of the provisional government in Jan 2946----> Christian democratic party
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and Council of Europe
In order to receive the Marshall aid, the Americans required the European states to cooperate with one another
Social Market Economy (SME)
In western Germany, the Christian Democrats promoted an economy based on combination of free-market liberalism, limited state intervention, and extensive social benefits network.
Displaced Persons
Postwar refugees, including 13 million Germans, former Nazi prisoners and forced laborers, and orphaned children.
Warsaw Pact
Soviet-backed military alliance of East Bloc Communist countries in Europe
Economic Miracle
Term contemporaries used to describe rapid economic growth, often based on the consumer sector, in post-World War II western Europe.
George C. Marshall
The head of allied forces in World War II; proposed economic aid to to rebuild Western Europe -> Marshall Plan
Postdam Conference
This is the conference where Stalin, Truman, and Churchill came together to decide how Germany would be administered. Their goals were to establish order, settle peace treaty issues, and deal with the effects of WWII.
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western governments
Denazification
identification and punishment for Nazis due to their crimes and the eradication of Nazi ideology from social and political institutions
Marshall Doctrine
plan to assist with economic aid in Europe
Big Science
the combining of theoretical work with sophisticated engineering in a large organization in order to attack extremely difficult problems.
Cold War (1945-1991)
the rivalry between the soviet union and the united states that divided much of europe into a soviet-aligned commuinst bloc and a US aligned capitalistic bloc