chapter 28 ss
How was the bridge of boats at Hellespont destroyed?
By a bad storm
cavalry
soldiers who ride on horses
Xexces
son of Darius, and ruler of Persia from 486 to 465 B.C.E eventually defeated by the Greeks at the end of the Persian wars
Why did King Darius ask for presents of Greek earth and water?
such gifts would mean that the Greeks had accepted Persian rule
What was the outcome of the Ionian Revolt?
the Persian army punished the Ionians
What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae?
the Persians defeated the Spartans
What Persians do to punish for not doing what they wanted in the first place?
they destroyed Miletus
After the Persians burned Athens to the ground, how did the Athenians continue to fight?
they used their navy
what was Darius determined to do after the Ionian Revolt?
to defeat the rest of mainland greece
Why did Xerxes cross the Hellespont?
to go from Asia into Europe
Persian wars
(490-4790 B.C.E) the period of fighting waged between the Persian Empire and the allied Greek city-states for control land in Greece
Battle of Thermopylae
2nd battle of the Persian War that the Persians won and Greeks lost
Battle of Salamis
3rd battle of the Persian war that the Greek city-states won; fought on water
Athens was burned to the ground between the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. As a result, many Athenian families lost their homes in what year?
480 B.C.E
Battle of Plataea
4th battle of the Persian war that the Greek city-states won
How did this Persian Empire come to be?
A powerful king conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Egypt, and parts of India and Europe
What was the sea the Persian army crossed to attack Greece?
Aegean Sea
About when did the Persians defeat the Ionians?
At 493 B.C.
Suppose that an Athenian soldier wrote this passage, about 480 B.C.E.. What does this passage indicate? I will stand shoulder to shoulder with the brave men of Greece- Spartans as well as my fellow Athenians- and fight to the death, if that is what it takes to stop the Persians.
Athenians and Spartans would join to fight a common enemy
Why did the Ionians loose the Ionian Revolt?
Athenians went home after an initial success, leaving small Ionian Army by themselves
The Battle of Salamis took place about ten years after what event?
Battle of Marathon
What helped the Athenians win a stunning victory in the Battle of Marathon?
Clever military strategy and better weapons
What did the Persians take from the Ionians?
Farmland and harbor
Where did the Persian Empire extend?
From Egypt in North Africa east to the Indus river which is present day Pakistan
Which of these factors most affected the outcome of the Battle of Salamis?
Greek knowledge of local waterways
Why did the Greeks care about what happened to Ionia?
Greeks had established wealthy settlements in Ionia
What was Miltiades' strategy in the Battle of Marathon?
He attacked the Persians from three different sides
How was it possible for King Darius to rule such a large Empire?
He divided the empire into 20 provinces, established taxes, and appointed officials to rule the local areas.
Which of the following was a characteristic of King Darius' rule?
He started a system of tax collecting. He appointed officials to rule local areas.He allowed those he conquered to keep their own customs.
The Persian Empire began in present-day
Iran
What was one reason Persia attacked Greece?
Persia wanted revenge
What did Athens send to Ionia?
Soldiers and a small fleet of ships
What good thing did the Greeks use to defeat the Persian army?
Strategy
Who won The Battle of Marathon?
The Greeks
How many ships did the Greek sink when they lured the Persian ships into the channel?
The Greeks rammed and crushed 300 Persian ships and The Greek only lost 40 of their own
Who did the Persians first conquer?
The wealthy settlements in Ionia
What happened during the Ionian Revolt
Their settlement had been conquered and the Persians took away their farmland and harbors. When they rebelled the Persians destroyed their city called Miletus
What did the Ionians do because they needed help?
They asked mainland Greece for help
How did the Greeks trick the Persians at the Battle of Salamis
They lured the Persians into a narrow channel with a trick that trapped the ships and then they rammed the ships, which meant victory for Greece
What was an important result of the Persian wars?
They prevented Persia from conquering Greece
What did the Greeks use to defeat the Persians at Marathon?
They used better weapons and strategy to defeat the Persians
What did the Persians do to punish the Ionia for revolting?
They wrecked the city of Miletus.
What did the Persians force the Ionians to do?
To give payments in goods and to serve in the Persian Army
What helped smaller Greek forces defeat the powerful Persian Empire during the Persian wars?
Working as allies and using navy strategies were key to their successes
Did the knowledge and understanding of the Greek geography help move to victories?
Yes, the region provided strategies that could help the Greeks succeed in defeating the Persians
Darius
a great Persian king who ruled from about 522 to 486 B.C.E
Hellespont
a long, narrow body of water between Europe and the present-day country of Turkey
To defeat the Persians at Marathon, the Greeks made use of
a narrow valley
Persian Empire
a vast empire in the 400s B.C.E that ruled over lands in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
What was an advantage that Greece had over the Persians?
better strategy
The Persian Empire expand its territory:
by conquering its neighbors
How did the Persian Empire expand its territory?
by paying others to join it
When Darius sent cavalry across the sea by boat, what must have been in the boats?
horses
Why was the Battle of Plataea important?
it ended the Persian wars