Chapter 3

bed-sharing

2 or more people sleep in the same bed

holophrase

A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought is called a:

2

Abby has begun to suck only her thumb, rather than her whole hand. It is likely that Abby is in stage _____ of sensorimotor development.

primary circular

According to Jean Piaget, _____ reactions involve the infant's responses to its own body. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

ana is at least 6 months old

Ana sleeps 12½ hours per day. Darius sleeps 14½ hours per day. Which statement is MOST accurate based on information provided in the textbook? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

1

Angela spends her waking hours sucking on her hand, looking around the room, and trying to grasp at her clothing. It is likely that Angela is in stage _____ of sensorimotor development.

5

Approximately _____ percent of infants sleep less than 9 hours per day.

three

At 1 month of age, _____ in five infants sleep in the same room as their parents in middle- and upper-class North American families. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

perception

Blake's photoreceptors detect light and dark stimuli. Cortical processing then allows him to recognize the words in his psychology textbook. As he reads, Blake relates the information to his own experiences. Blake's recognition of the words illustrates:

the cortex

Donald loves to smell roses and thinks they are the most beautiful flowers. Which part of his brain is he using to experience the rose?

prefrontal

Emily is looking forward to the prom and is helping plan the dance. She has set a limit on how much she can spend on a dress. These actions are a sign that her _____ cortex has matured.

sensation, cognition

Eric's photoreceptors detect light and dark stimuli. Cortical processing then allows him to recognize the words in his psychology textbook. As he reads, Eric relates the information to his own experiences. The action of Eric's photoreceptors illustrates _____. When he relates the information to his experiences, Eric is demonstrating _____.

percentile, decreases

Failure to thrive occurs when an infant's _____ score _____ markedly.

3

Many newborn reflexes disappear by the age of _____ months.

perception, sensation

Interpretation is to _____ as detection is to _____.

herd

Meena cannot be vaccinated because of her allergies, but she is protected to some degree from catching childhood diseases because of _____ immunity, which means that at least 90 percent of people in her local community have been immunized.

axons

Nerve fibers called _____ and dendrites connect neurons to other neurons.

goal-directed behavior

Nine-month-old Charlie repeatedly reaches for his sister's doll, even though he has been told "no" many times. This is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

wasting

Nine-year-old Naledi, who is severely underweight for her age, often eats only a bowl of rice a day. She is suffering from a form of malnutrition called:

8

Of all the children born in the past 65 years, 1 in _____ has died before the age of 5.

marasmus

One disease directly caused by malnutrition is:

doubled

Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of bed-sharing has _____ in the United States. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

interprets

Perception is the mental processing of sensory information when the brain _____ a sensation.

prefrontal cortex

Rebecca is very organized. She has set aside specific hours for studying and knows when she has had enough to eat. This behavior can be explained by a mature:

perception

Receptors highly sensitive to sweetness are active on Malia's tongue. Bitterness receptors are also active, but to a lesser extent. Malia recognizes the taste of cola and considers her resolution to reduce her soda consumption. Malia's recognition of the drink's taste is called:

six

Stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence occurs between about 18 and 24 months of age.

binocular vision

The ability to use both eyes to focus on an object is called:

impulse control

The final part of the brain to mature is involved in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

planning

The last part of the brain to mature is involved in:

sensation - perception - cognition

The sequence of interpretation of stimuli by the developing child is BEST described by which order?

negatively

The text suggests that immunization rate is _____ correlated with infant mortality rate.

negatively

The text suggests that years of maternal education is _____ correlated with fertility rate.

infancy

The time of life when synapses, dendrites, and neurons form and die MOST rapidly is:

four

Toby is 2 years old. This means he is probably _____ times heavier than he was at birth.

kwashiorkor

Two-year-old Dahari lives in an area affected by drought. He is listless, small for his age, and has an extended abdomen and brittle hair. Dahari is MOST likely suffering from:

the brain

When an infant's nutrition is so inadequate that it affects physical growth, which part of the body is "spared"?

feed themselves

When infants master the pincer movement, they can:

eye-hand coordination

Which BEST explains the ability of a 6-month-old, but not a 3-month-old, to successfully reach out to grab and hold an object?

communication

Which is an experience-expectant event? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

head-sparing

a biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth. the brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition

protein-calorie malnutrition

a condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food. this can result in illness, severe weight loss, and even death

co-sleeping

a custom in which parents and their children sleep together in the same room

shaken baby syndrome

a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections

at birth

all the senses are functional starting when?

reflexive crying

an automatic emotional reaction of the infant in response to distress, such as pain or hunger

neurotransmitters

brain chemicals that carry information from the axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron

experience-dependent

brain functions that depend on particular, variable experiences and therefore may or may not develop in a particular person

experience-expectant

brain functions that require certain basic common experiences in order to develop normally

dendrites

fibers that extend from neurons and receive electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons

neurons

nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially in the brain

15-17

newborns sleep ______ hours a day

above average height

parents are told that their newborn is in the 90th percentile for height. This means that their child is of:

gross motor skills

physical abilities involving large body movements such as walking and jumping

fine motor skills

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin

primary intersubjectivity

reciprocal interaction between an infant and caregiver in which each partner focuses on the emotional expressions of the other

syllable babbling

repetition of syllables in infancy, such as "ba-ba-ba"

phoneme discrimination

the ability to notice the smallest unit of sound of a language that can signal a change in word meaning. one of the building blocks of learning language

stunting

the failure of children to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe and chronic malnutrition

transient exuberance

the great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infants brain during the first 2 years

synapses

the intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons

motor skills

the learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a flicker of the eyelid

cortex

the outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals. most thinking, feeling, and sensing involve the cortex

public health measures have improved

the primary reason childhood mortality has declined over the past several decades is because:

sensation

the responses of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it defects a stimulus

pruning

when applied to brain development, the process by which ensued connections in the brain atrophy and die