Chapter 3 - Ancient Mesopotamia

Sargon

2340 B.C. leader of the Akkadians who overran the Sumerian city-state and set up the first empire

priests

Besides the ruler, who had the highest position in the social hierarchy?

Sumerians could trade for resources they didn't already have (ie: tin, copper, etc.)

How did food surpluses encourage local and long-distance trade?

providing fertile land to grow crops. Created food surplus and was able to start division of labor; irrigation; everyday use (bathing, fishing etc.)

How did rivers support agriculture and the city-states?

They invented a calendar based on the moon and stars; astronomy

How did the Sumerians keep time?

Provided water for crops and they could have a surplus of food

How did the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers make the growth of civilization in Mesopotamia possible?

282 laws

How many laws were in Hammurabi's code?

"metal from heaven" because it came from meteorites

In Assyria, what was iron called and why?

Ziggurats

In Sumer, _________________________ were large buildings with a temple on it's peak where the people prayed

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel

Located in modern-day countries of....

Babylon

Nebuchadnezzar was the (Chaldean) king of what city state turned empire?

writing literature, irrigation, wagon wheel, geometry, number system, astronomy, plow, etc.

Some inventions Mesopotamians created:

Fertile Crescent

The __________________ gets its name because it is good for farming and crescent-shaped.

A lyre, an upright ram grazing on a golden tree, and a headdress worn by the Sumerian queen

What are 3 artifacts that were found in the Sumerian royal burial by Sir Wooley?

Tigris and Euphrates

What are the two rivers in Mesopotamia?

triangular

What does 'Cunei' mean in greek?

land between the rivers

What does the term Mesopotamia mean?

It governed surrounding lands and had its own ruler

What is one of the benefits of a city-state?

Cuneiform

What is the name of writing in Sumerian times?

A sharpened piece of reed, called a stylus, on clay blocks

What tools did Mesopotamia use for writing?

The Epic of Gilgamesh

What was one of the first myths written?

It gave the Sumerians more freedom of movement.

What was the result of the invention of the wheel?

The punishment fits the crime

What was the rule for when you committed a crime (Hammurabi's Code of Laws)?

ox-driven plow, it broke up hard soil and prepared large areas for planting

What were some new methods and technology that farmers in Mesopotamia used to take advantage of the fertile soil?

Lion hunting, it symbolized their important enemies

What were the Assyrians favorite sport and what did this animal symbolize?

Sumer, Assyria, Babylon

What were the three civilizations in Mesopotamia?

The Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

What were the two points that Sargon's empire (The Akkadian empire) stretched from?

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What will you get on the test?

In modern-day Iraq

Where is the ancient Babylon located?

c) the 365-day calendar Why? Their calendar was only 360 days!

Which of the following was not an invention of the Sumerians? a) the plow b) a writing system c) the 365-day calendar d) the wheel

The rivers flooded and deposited rich soil

Why was Mesopotamia such a good area for growing crops?

Polytheism

belief in many gods and goddesses