Chapter 3 key issue 1-2

Describe the characteristics/sources and reasons for the four waves of European immigration.

1840-1850: Ireland & Germany. It started out as 20,000 immigrants to 200,000 immigrants. Desperate economic pushes from the Germans and Irish. Germans also moved because of the politics in Germany. 1870: Ireland and Germany. Immigration resumed but had a slight decline during the Civil War. 1880: Scandinavia. Immigration increased to 500,000 per year. Increasing numbers of Scandinavians, Norwegians, and swedes, joined by Germans and Irish. The industrial revolution had diffused to Scandinavia triggering a rapid population increase. 1905-1924: Southern and Eastern Europe. Immigration increased to 1 million in the U.S. ⅔ of immigration came from southern and Eastern Europe, Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. The shift was a result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe along with rapid population growth.

What is a major geographic consequence of this type of migration?

A lot of people are moving from the cities to the suburbs. This might have a decline in people having jobs in the city but that's not likely.

What are the three main international flows of migrants? How is this related to the migration transition?

Asia to Europe Asia to North America Latin America to North America

How has migration from one region of a country to another region of a country changed over time?

At first, people moved to find better farming land now people move to find better jobs.

Describe United States immigration in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Colonial settlement in the 17th and 18th century Mass European immigration in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Asain and Latin-American immigration in the late 20th century and early 21st century

What is counter urbanization, and what forces are helping to create this new form of migration in the United States?

Counter urbanization is where people move from urban areas to rural areas. This is being caused by some people wanting to own a farm and grow things or just to live on a farm.

Why has the population center drifted in a southwest direction over the past 30 years?

Get to warmer climates and more job opportunities. Also, they might just want to go where not a lot of people are.

Who was E.G. Ravenstein?

E.G. Ravenstein is a Geographer and Cartographer.

Describe in detail the immigration of the history of people coming from England and Africa to America.

Europe: Around 2 million people migrated to the American colonies prior to 1820. Permanent English colonies were around the Atlantic Coast. The beginning colonies there were Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, and Plymouth, Massachusets, in 1620. 90% of European immigrants were from Great Britan. Africa: MOst Africans-Americans are descendants of slaves that were forced to emigrate from Africa. During the 18th centurary about 400,000 Africans were shipped from Africa to America. They were distributed around the 13 colonies. I was then illegel to bring slaves over in 1803 but still, 250,000 Africans were brought over during the next half-century

What role do modern transportation and communication systems play in contributing to this trend?

Even if you live practically in the middle of know where you are still connected by the internet or road. So you never are truly disconnected. Some of these aspects even encourage people to come and live this kind of lifestyle.

Why was it difficult to make accurate counts of immigrants to the U.S. from various European countries during the 19th Century? What other areas of the world received large numbers of European immigrants?

Frequent boandry changes make percise natational counts immpossible.

Describe United States immigration from the late 20th century to the early 21st century.

Immigration then started increasing in the 1950s. Now the most immigrants we get are from Asia and Latin-America.

Describe United States immigration in the mid-19th to the early 20th century

In the Mid 19th century immigration dropped because of the Great Depression and WWII.

What is the difference between interregional and intraregional migration?

Interregional- permanent migration from one region of the country to another. Intraregional- permanent movement from one region of a country to a different country The difference is that one completely moves from the country and someone moves from within the country to another part of the same country.

What is the basis of contemporary migration studies

Laws are written by E.G Ravenstein.

Describe the characteristics and some details concerning immigrants to the United States from Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

Leading sources of immigrants to America are China, Philipines, India, and Vietnam. Nearly half a million people emigrate from Latin America to the U.S. Europeans also are still coming over.

Why have many Americans migrated to the South?

Moreland to cultivate. It would be made easier by all the agricultural advancements made. People would use barbed wire instead of wood fences, and well drilling equipment to get water from the ground.

How did the Industrial Revolution help encourage rural to urban migration? What factors are contributing to rural to urban movement in LCDs today?

People started moving to cities because of job opportunities. As fewer people work on farms and rural areas, more jobs sprout around the countries. Now Urban areas have more job options for people than rural ones. Now in LCD's it has been seen that more and more people are moving into urban areas, these reasons are still the same as developed countries.

Explain how the changing center of the United States population is the classic example of interregional migration

People were moving inward and to the west in America. They are moving but they are not moving out of the country instead they are migrating to different regions of the U.S.

What areas of the country have been most impacted by counter urbanization?

Places that have been impacted are mainly in states by the Rocky Mt., Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming.

Why do people in the United States move from cities to suburban areas?

They move for better jobs. And they are pushed from areas that have declining job opportunities.

Describe the interregional migrations situations for Russia, Brazil, and Canada

Russia: Wanted people to work where natural resources were more abundant. They first forced people to migrate. They then decided to add higher pay, more paid holidays, but not enough people move as the soviets would have liked. Over the years more and more people moved back south towards population clusters. Another method Russia did was send young males to build things during school vacations. Canada: A lot of people moved from east to west. People have mainly moved towards Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan. Brazil: A lot of the population was centered along the Atlantic Coast. But then Brazil changed the capital to a newly built city called Brasilia. This started to attract more people and people then moved inland. Now the coast has net out-migration and inland has a net in-migration.

Why has interregional migration slowed in the 21st century?

The severe recession in 2008 discouraged people from moving as there was a limited jobs in all of the regions. Now migration between nations is close to zero. Employment rates are now around the same between regions.

What did Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky identify?

a migration transition, which has changed in society compared to those in the demographic transition.