chapter 3 mastering
The region of molecule B that encodes a polypeptide is 24 nucleotides in length. Consider another such molecule with a coding region of 300 nucleotides. What is a reasonable estimate for the length of the corresponding polypeptide that will be produced during protein synthesis?
100 amino acids
By which mechanism would a steroid molecule diffuse into the cell?
A
What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?
Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma membrane.
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?
Anaphase
Which letter is pointing to an mRNA molecule?
B
What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?
Cytokinesis
Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of DNA in the lagging strand?
DNA ligase
Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?
DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.
Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
DNA polymerases
During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?
Prophase
During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the original or parental DNA strand?
T
During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?
Telophase
What can we infer if we see a large number of mitochondria in a cell?
The cell has a great metabolic demand.
Which of the following statements best explains the difference between the leading and lagging strands?
The leading complimentary strand is formed continuously, while the lagging strand is formed in fragments that must be linked by ligase.
Which statement best describes strand characteristics as it relates to DNA replication?
The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces.
What is a membrane potential?
a voltage or electrical charge across the plasma membrane
The mechanism depicted in B would most likely mediate the diffusion of which of the following solutes?
an amino acid
What is a function of the enzyme indicated by structure A?
breaking the bonds between complementary base pairs
When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.
chromatids
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.
exocytosis
Normal leukocytes use several protective mechanisms in combating disease-causing microbes such as bacteria. Which of the following is NOT a method related to substance uptake by a white blood cell?
exocytosis
What process is indicated by C?
exocytosis of secretory proteins
Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.
facilitated diffusion
The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.
facilitated diffusion
The membrane-bound compartment indicated by structure D contains which of the following?
hydrolytic enzymes
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?
interphase
What is the specific role of the enzyme indicated by B during the formation of the new DNA strands?
joining the nucleotides that form the new DNA strand
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
metaphase
Which cellular organelle is seen in this figure?
mitochondrion
A primary active transport process is one in which __________.
molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP
After DNA replication is completed, what does each DNA double helix consist of?
one old template strand and one new daughter strand
The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.
primary active transport
Molecule B and molecule C are expected to interact within which of the following cellular structures?
ribosome
Which of the following organelles is correctly paired with its function?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum: metabolism of lipids
What major function occurs on the specific membranes indicated by A?
synthesis of proteins
What is the purpose of the energy extracted from ATP in this figure?
to transport sodium across the membrane
In leukemia, an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells can also mean __________.
too few normal blood cells
What process allows for the production of molecule B from a template consisting of molecule A?
transcription
Lysosomes perform digestive functions within a cell.
true
