Chapter 3: Neoplasms
Cancer Warning Sign: A
A sore that does not heal.
CAUTION
Acronym for the seven warning signs of cancer.
What is the most common type of cancer?
Basal and squamous skin cancer.
How are neoplasms classified?
Benign and Malignant.
What types of cancer are responsible for the majority of deaths?
Cancer of the lung, breast, prostate, and colon.
What are the types of malignant neoplams?
Carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphomas and leukemias.
What is the largest group of malignant neoplasms?
Carcinomas.
What type of tumors are commonly spread through the lymphatic system?
Carcinomas.
Metastatic neoplasm
Cells whose growth pattern has no purpose and is uncontrollable.
Individuals with the herpes simplex virus tend to have ___________ cancer.
Cervical.
Cancer Warning Sign: C
Change in bowel or bladder habits.
Staging
Determines the extent of spread of the neoplasm.
T/F: Radioactive materials that emit alpha, beta, and gamma rays are not considered to be potential carcinogens.
False.
T/F: There is no known genetic predisposition for cancer.
False.
What is the difference between hyperplasia and neoplasms?
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell size, but neoplasms are an increase in cell size with uncontrollable growth.
Cancer Warning Sign: I
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
What are common sites of bloodstream metastasis?
Liver, lungs, and brain.
What type of malignant neoplasm does not have a benign counterpart?
Lymphomas and leukemias.
When a malignant neoplasm moves to various parts or organs of the body, it is said to be a ____________ tumor.
Metastatic.
Biopsy
Microscopic examination of live tissue.
Cancer Warning Sign: N
Nagging cough or hoarseness.
What is the difference between a neoplasm and a tumor?
Neoplasm is a new growth that may be benign or malignant while a tumor is described as swelling. Not all neoplasms form tumors, although they are usually used synonymously when there is swelling.
Cancer Warning Sign: O
Obvious change in a wart or mole.
What type of tumors are commonly spread through the bloodstream?
Sarcomas.
What are examples of major types of cancer treatment?
Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Cancer Warning Sign: T
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere.
Palliative
Treatment that is aimed at relieving symptoms.
T/F: Grading is the microscopic examination of the tumor to determine the degree of differentiation.
True.
T/F: There are several personal risk behaviors common in our society that put an individual at increased risk for developing cancer.
True.
T/F: Tumors that are undifferentiated or anaplastic do not resemble the tissue of origin, are highly malignant, and have a poor prognosis.
True.
What are examples of known carcinogens?
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, X-ray, and radioactive materials.
Cancer Warning Sign: U
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
What is the benefit of routine screening?
Very effective in the discovery and early diagnosis of cancer.
