Chapter 3 quiz Bio

The hydrolysis of one molecule of a triglyceride to glycerol and fatty acids yields two molecules of water True False

False

Both glycoside and peptide linkages result from dehydration synthesis True False

True

The group of molecules called nucleotides contain: a. All answer choices are correct. b. purines or pyrimidines. c. phosphate groups. d. pentose (a 5-carbon sugar).

a. All answer choices are correct

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of __________. a. amino acid molecules b. chromosomes c. DNA molecules d. ribosomes

a. amino acid molecules

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____. a. chitin b. linoleic acid c. cellulose d. collagen

a. chitin

Which of the following is not a lipid? a. chitin b. waxes c. unsaturated fat d. steroids

a. chitin

The type of bond that forms to bind monomers (such as sugar and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond. a. covalent b. hydrogen c. ionic d. peptide

a. covalent

The fatty acid of a phospholipid is______ because it_______. a. hydrophilic... is easily hydrolyzed into its monomers b. hydrophobic....dissolves easily in water c. hydrophobic.... has no charges d. hydrophilic.... consist of units assembled by dehydration synth.

a. hydrophilic... is easily hydrolyzed into its monomers

All of the following are true of protein denaturation except that it a. is always irreversible b. could result from a temperature change c. is a shape change d. may be caused by a pH change

a. is always irreversible

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but have different molecular structures are called a. isomers b. ions c. structural isotopes d. isotopes

a. isomer

Which of the following ranks these molecules in correct order by size? a. protein-sucrose-glucose-water b. water-protein-sucrose-glucose c. glucose-water-sucrose-protein d. water-sucrose-glucose-protein

a. protein-sucrose-glucose-water

What type of macromolecule carries out catalysis in biological systems? a. proteins called enzymes b. nucleic acids called DNA c. carbohydrates called starches d. lipids called steroids

a. proteins called enzymes

What happens during a hydrolysis reaction? a. the bond between two sub units of a macromolecule is broken b. a bond is formed between two subunits c. saturated fats become unsaturated d. protein coils into its secondary structure

a. the bond between two sub units of a macromolecule is broken

The "primary structure" of a protein refers to____ a. the number and sequences of amino acids b. coiling due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids c. the weak interaction of two or more polypeptides d. interactions among the side chains or R-groups of the amino acid

a. the number and sequences of amino acids

Why is cellulose so difficult for most animals to digest? a. they don't have proper enzyme to break the bonds between subunits b. there are many hydrogen bonds holding the subgroups together c. the bonds holding cellulose subunits together are extremely strong, stronger than in any other macromolecule d. cellulose is made up chitin, which is indigestive

a. they don't have proper enzyme to break the bonds between subunits

In a hydrolysis reaction,_____, and in this process water is ______. a. polymers are assembled to produce a monomer____produced b. a polymer breaks up to form monomers_______ consumed c. a monomer breaks up to form polymers____ produced d. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer____ consumed

b. a polymer breaks up to form monomers_______ consumed

Which of the following is not a disaccharide? a. sucrose b. amylose c. lactose d. maltose

b. amylose

In the formation of a macromolecule, what type of reaction would join two subunits together? a. denaturation reaction b. dehydration reaction c. hydrophobic reaction d. hydrolysis reaction

b. dehydration reaction

A hydrocarbon is said to be saturated if: a. it contains more than one functional group b. each internal carbon atom is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms c. one end of the molecule is hydrophilic while the other is hydrophobic d. it has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

b. each internal carbon atom is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Animals store glucose in the form of a. cellulose b. glycogen c. glycerol d. amylose

b. glycogen

Molecular chaperones a. are only present in cells that are exposed to high temperatures b. help new proteins fold correctly and repair incorrectly folded proteins c. are found in the nucleus and aid in folding of DNA d. degrade proteins that have folded incorrectly

b. help new proteins fold correctly and repair incorrectly folded proteins

Glucose is a a. protein b. monosaccharide c. nucleic acid d. disaccharide

b. monosaccharide

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. cholesterol d. carbohydrates

b. phospholipids

Nutritionally, saturated triglycerides are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated. What is the difference between them? a. saturated triglycerides are fats; unsaturated are carbs b. saturated triglycerides have more hydrogens than unsaturated c. saturated triglycerides are liquid at room temp d. saturated triglycerides have more double bonds than unsaturated

b. saturated triglycerides have more hydrogens than unsaturated

With respect to galactose, glucose is a. unrelated except they are both sugars b. an enantiomer c. not an isomer d. a structural isomer

b. structural isomer

At what level(s) of a protein structure would you expect to find disulfide bridges? a. tertiary b. tertiary c. secondary d. primary

b. tertiary

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is _____. a. they are all polysaccharides b. they are all disaccharides c. they all contain fructose d. they are all monosaccharides

b. they are all disaccharides

Which one of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? a. C45H84O8PN b.C22H49O10N5 c. C50H100O50 d. C51H98O6

c. C50H100O50

Double helix describes the structure of a molecule of a. monosaccharide b. starch c. DNA d. protein

c. DNA

Assuming they all had the same number of carbon atoms, which of the following has the most single C-H bonds? a. a polyunsaturated fat b. an unsaturated fat c. a saturated fat d. a polysaccharide

c. a saturated fat (possibly something else)

In nucleic acids, the purine nitrogenous bases are a. cytosine and guanine b. thymine and cytosine c. adenine and guanine d. uracil and thymine

c. adenine and guanine

Which of the following includes all the others a. glucose b.cellulose c. carbohydrates d. sucrose

c. carbohydrates

The term "polyunsaturated" means that a fat or oil____ a. will be solid at room temp b. is a diglyceride rather than a tryglyceride c. contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds d. has the maximum number of hydrogens possible for number of carbons

c. contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Some lipids are formed by linking together fatty acids with glycerol. These subunits are linked together by a(n)_______. a. peptide bond b. phosphodiester bond c. ester linkage d. glycosidic linkage

c. ester linkage

What is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water? a. phospholipids b. hydrophilic c. hydrophobic d. protein

c. hydrophobic

Which of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triglycerides (fats and oils) a. triglycerides may be saturates or unsaturated, but all phospholipids are saturated b. phospholipids are the primary storage form of fats in our body c. phospholipid molecules have a distinct polar head and a distinctly non polar tail while triglycerides are predominately non polar d. both contain phosphate group

c. phospholipid molecules have a distinct polar head and a distinctly non polar tail while triglycerides are predominately non polar

Cellulose is a ___ made of many_____ a. carbohydrate______ fatty acid b. polypeptide____ monomers c. polymer____ glucose molecules d. protein____ amino acids

c. polymer____ glucose molecules

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the____. a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure

c. tertiary structure

Which of the following is a characteristic of proteins? a. some may enhance the rate of chem reactions b. they store genetic info for cellular metabolism c. there is more than one correct answer d. they may from either long, thin fibrous molecules of compact rounded globular molecules

c. there is more than one correct answer

Lipids a. serve as food reserve b. include cartiliage and lipids c. there is no correct choice includes fats that are broken down in one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules

c. there is no correct choice

Which of the following are pyrimidines? a. thymine and adenine b. guanine and cytosine c. thymine and cytosine d. adenine and guanine

c. thymine and cytosine

A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____. a. glucose b. starch c. chitin d. glycogen

d. Glycogen

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? a. They have to eat a lot of it. b. The flat teeth and strong stomach of the herbivores break the cellulose fibers so the cows get enough nutrition from the cell contents. c. Cows and other herbivores are exceptions and make some cellulose-digesting enzymes. d. Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.

d. Microorganisms in their digestive tracks hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose

The peptide bond is_____ a. an ionic bond b. a hydrogen bond c. a van der waal interaction d. a covalent bond

d. a covalent bond

Which of the following is a polymer? a. aspartame, an artificial sweetener b. glucose, an energy-rich molecule c. testosterone, a steroid hormone d. cellulose, a plant cell wall component

d. cellulose, a plant cell wall component

Animals store glucose in the form of a. cellulose b. amylose c. glycerol d. glycogen

d. glycogen

If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule becomes a _____ molecule. a. Carbohydrate b. carbonyl c. carboxyl d. hydrocarbon

d. hydrocarbon

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules? a. amino acid b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. lipids

d. lipids

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy? a. protein b. cellulose c. glycogen d. starch

d. starch

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA? a. adenine b. guanine c. uracil d. thymine

d. thymine