Chapter 3-Structure of a neuron
Receptors
Proteins on the cell surface where Nuero transmitters attach,vary in shape, with different shapes "matching" differ at neurotransmitters
Gygri
Bumps on the brain
Semipermeable membrane
Allows smaller molecules and molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules
Semipermeable membrane
Neurons out surface of made up of this __________ membrane
Psychotropic medications
Are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance
Resting potential
Between signals the neuron membranes potential is held in a state of readiness
Myelin sheath
Coats the axon and acts as an insulator, increasing the speed at which the signal travels
Autonomic nervous system
Controls the function of our organs and glands and can be divided into sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions
Sulci
Grooves on the brain
Broca's area
In the frontal lobe --- essential for language production
Prefrontal cortex
In the frontal lobe- responsible for higher- level cognitive functioning
Frontal lobe
Involved in reasoning,motor control , emotion and language
Somatic nervous system
Involved in the relay of sensory and motor info to and from the CNS Consists of motor neurons and sensory neurons
Reuptake
Involves moving a neurotransmitter from the synapse back into the axon terminal from which it was released
Synapse
Is a very small a very small space between two neurons and is an important site where communication between neurons occur.
Myelin sheath
Is crucial for the normal operation of the neurons within the nervous system
PNS
Is made up of thick bundles of axons(nerves) carrying messages back and forth between the CNS and the muscles organs and senses in the periphery of the body.
Nervous system
Neurons are the central building blocks of the ____________
Glial cells
Provide scaffolding on which the nervous system is built, help neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication, provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses.
Axons
Range in length from a fraction of an inch to several feet
Neurons
Serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system
Cerebral cortex
THE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN
Somatic & Autonomic
The PNS has 2 major subdivisions _____& _____
Longitudinal fissure
The deep groove that separates the brain into 2 halves
Charged molecules (ions)
The electrical charge of the fluids is caused by_________ dissolved in the fluid
Action potential
The electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals
Central & peripheral
The nervous system can be dived into two parts
Glial cells & neurons
The nervous system is composed of two basic cell types _____ & ______
Extra cellular & inracellular
The neuron exists in a fluid environment it is surrounded by _______ fluid & filled with _______ fluid
Membrane potential
The neuronal keeps the extra cellular and intracellular fluid separate-- a critical role because the electrical signal that passes through the neuron depends on these two fluids being electrically different
Lock & key
The neurotransmitter and the receptors have what is know as a _____ & ______
Soma
The nucleas of thr neuron is located in the _________?
Cerebral cortex
The outer surface of the brain
Dendrites
The soma has branching extensions known as the _________?
Synaptic vesicles
The terminal buttons contain __________ that house Neurotransmitters(the chemical messengers of the nervous system
Corpus callosum
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by this, allows the 2 hemispheres to communicate with each other
Terminal buttons
These signals are transmitted electrically across the soma and down a major extension from the soma known as the axon which ends at multiple ___________
Motor cortex
This is in the frontal lobe, involves planning and coordinating movement
Dendrites
_______ serves as input sites where signals are received from other neurons.
