Chapter 32 (History 152)

the Nazi plan for the murder of every living Jew in Europe

"Final Solution"

By 1945, approximately how many Jews were killed in the Holocaust?

5.7 million

Which island chain lay at the northeastern limit of the Japanese advance?

Aleutian Islands

Which north African nation was allied with Germany in 1943?

Algeria

Germany's demand for a forced union with Austria

Anschluss

Which western European nation was only partially occupied by Germany before 1943?

Belgium

"lightning war"; surprise attacks by the Germans that were characterized by the unpreparedness of the opponent

Blitzkrieg

Germany had to abandon its plans to invade which of the following nations?

Britain

council offering increased trade within the Soviet Union and eastern Europe; created by the Soviets as an alternative to the Marshall Plan

COMECON

Which nation was the first to experience the brutal horrors of World War II?

China

During World War II, women took up arms as combatants in which of these nations' armed forces?

China and the Soviet Union

Paramilitary group run by the German SS in World War II, whose main task was to annihilate Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs as the German army moved east, invading the Soviet Union

Einsatzgruppen

Operation Barbarossa in 1941 was code for the

German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Which country possessed the most concentration camps?

Germany

Which region contained concentration camps, extermination camps, and euthanasia operations sites?

Germany

The Tripartite Pact brought together

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

The southern part of the Allied westward advance began on which island?

Guadalcanal

Which cities were subject to atomic attack at the end of the war?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Which region lay outside the western limits of the Japanese empire in 1944?

India

Which Allied wartime leader gained the most out of the Yalta agreements?

Joseph Stalin

German term for "living space," which the Nazi regime sought to create by conquering new territory

Lebensraum

program in which the United States sent destroyers and other war goods to the British in return for the use of British naval bases

Lend-Lease

post-World War II U.S. proposal to rebuild European economies through cooperation and capitalism for the purpose of repairing destroyed infrastructures and forestalling communist or Soviet influence

Marshall Plan

Which concentration camp lay farthest to the south?

Mauthausen

regional military alliance against Soviet aggression, composed of mostly western European states and the United States

NATO

In August 1939, which two nations signed a treaty of nonaggression that shocked the world and precipitated World War II in Europe?

Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union

the code name for the Germans' invasion of the Soviet Union

Operation Barbarossa

Which island chain acted as the intermediate objective in the advance to Okinawa?

Philippine Islands

Which of the following regions contained all but one of the extermination camps?

Poland

World War II started with the German invasion of which of the following nations?

Poland

Which of the following is among the reasons that there was little or no opposition to the state and its policies in Japan during the war?

Political parties were weak or had been destroyed.

Which of the following nations was allied with Germany during the first half of World War II?

Romania

Which Japanese conquest in Asia dispelled myths of European military invincibility against non-European forces?

Singapore

Which city marked the easternmost limit of Axis expansion in Europe?

Stalingrad

the western regions of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Germans

Sudetenland

Which northern European nation remained neutral during World War II?

Sweden

What happened to the Japanese war effort immediately following Pearl Harbor?

The Japanese swept on through a string of impressive, coordinated victories.

commitment of the United States to an interventionist foreign policy dedicated to the containment of communism

Truman Doctrine

a city in France that served as the capital of unoccupied France during World War II

Vichy France

Which of the following is true of the early German expansion during the war?

When Germany conquered western Poland, the Soviets took the eastern sections in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet pact.

The Marshall Plan was

a U.S. financial plan to rebuild Europe and stop Soviet expansion.

The Japanese finally surrendered in 1945

after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Immediate provocation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was

an American-led oil embargo against Japan.

the policy adopted by the French and British that tried to maintain peace in Europe in the face of German aggression by making concessions

appeasement

Which social group in occupied Europe and Asia generally collaborated with the occupying powers in greater numbers than other groups?

businesspeople

Which of these features characterized much of the cold war?

competing ideological and propaganda campaigns

During most of the cold war, the United States pursued a policy of ________ against the Soviet Union.

containment

At the Wannsee Conference in 1942, Nazi leaders decided to

deport all European Jews to concentration camps in Poland for extermination.

What was the Soviet action in response to NATO's acceptance of West Germany?

formation of the Warsaw Pact

What strategy did Chinese communist forces pursue against the Japanese?

guerilla tactics

The Battle of Britain was fought mainly in which zone of combat?

in the air

Japanese suicide pilots in World War II

kamikaze

At the end of the postwar conferences, which of the following had the Allies agreed upon?

occupation of Korea, half by the Soviets and half by the Americans

All of the following were essential to the Soviet defense against the Nazis EXCEPT

outrage at the German treatment of Jewish minorities in eastern Europe.

The Russian-German Treaty of Nonaggression of 1939

promised neutrality between the Soviets and Germany in the event of war with a third party.

During the invasion and occupation by Japan, communist Chinese forces

resisted with guerilla attacks.

Japanese advances into which of the following regions during 1940 and 1941 spurred U.S. involvement in the war?

southeast Asia

During World War II, armed forces relied increasingly on which two features of successful military action?

speed and surprise

As evidence of the renewed power and glory of Italy, Mussolini

supported militarists in the Spanish civil war. annexed Libya. invaded Ethiopia. All these answers are correct.

At the Munich Conference, what promise did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain exact from Hitler?

that he would cease further efforts to expand German territorial claims

The Nazis began to implement mass extermination policies during their invasion of which of the following nations?

the Soviet Union

Which two powers' entry into the war decided its outcome?

the Soviet Union and the United States

The Truman Doctrine pledged that

the United States would support free people resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

Which of the following describes the German Anschluss?

the annexation of Austria

Which event gave Adolf Hitler the opportunity to initiate the Holocaust?

the invasion of the Soviet Union

The key to Allied victory in Europe was the

vast personnel and industrial capacity of the United States and Soviet Union.

Chinese resistance to the Japanese was

weakened by rivalry between Chinese nationalists and communists.