Chapter 36

1) Which of the following is an example of a population? A) all of the microorganisms on your skin B) all of the students in your classroom C) all students attending colleges and universities in your state D) the various plants found in prairies in the western United States

B

13) What kind of curve represents exponential growth? A) ascending straight line B) J-shaped C) S-shaped D) descending straight line

A

25) The world human population A) is growing faster now than ever before. B) is growing, but at a slower rate than in the last century. C) has leveled off at carrying capacity. D) is starting to decline.

A

3) The pattern of distribution for a certain species of kelp is clumped. The pattern of distribution for a population of snails that live on the kelp would be A) clumped. B) homogeneous. C) random. D) uniform.

A

30) Examine the age structure of Germany in the figure below. Which of the following statements is not supported by the age structure? A) There will be large positive population growth in the near future. B) There are more women than men between the ages of 60 and 70. C) There will be small negative population growth in the near future. D) There are more people between the ages of 25 to 39 then between 0 and 14.

A

7) A Type I survivorship curve is associated with which of the following life history traits? A) parents providing extended care for their young B) large numbers of offspring being produced C) infant mortality being much greater than adult mortality D) a short life span for most individuals

A

11) If an ecosystem has a carrying capacity of 1,000 individuals for a given species and 2,000 individuals of that species are present, we can predict that the population A) size will remain at equilibrium. B) size will decrease. C) will show a clumped dispersion pattern. D) size will slowly increase.

B

12) If a population has a birth rate of 40 individuals per 1,000 per year and a death rate of 30 individuals per 1,000 per year, how will the population change each year? (Assume that the population is below carrying capacity and that there is no immigration or emigration.) A) It will decrease by 70%. B) It will increase by 1%. C) It will increase by 5%. D) It will increase by 100%.

B

19) An r-selected species typically A) offers considerable parental care to offspring. B) has an advantage in habitats that experience unpredictable disturbances. C) is large-bodied and long-lived. D) lives in stable climates.

B

21) Which of the following statements about human population growth is true? A) Human population size on Earth today is at equilibrium. B) Demographic transition is a transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates. C) During a demographic transition, birth rates typically drop first due to the availability of reliable contraception. D) Human population size has increased faster and faster throughout human history.

B

26) An ecological footprint A) is a means of determining increases in populations that lived in the past. B) is a means of understanding resource availability and usage. C) measures dispersion and adaptability. D) will estimate population movements.

B

5) The density of Douglas firs in an old-growth forest is estimated by counting the Douglas firs in four sample plots of 1 hectare each. The number of fir trees in the plots is 10, 12, 7, and 11, respectively. What is the estimated density of firs in the forest? A) 5 trees per hectare B) 10 trees per hectare C) 20 trees per hectare D) 25 trees per hectare

B

6) A survivorship curve is a A) graph that plots an individual's likelihood of reproducing as a function of age. B) graph that plots an individual's likelihood of being alive as a function of age. C) graph that shows the effect of predation on a prey population. D) model for population growth that incorporates the concept of carrying capacity.

B

8) A survivorship curve that involves producing very few offspring, each of which has a high probability of surviving to adulthood, is typical of A) sea stars. B) elephants. C) oysters. D) rodents.

B

9) The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called its A) reproductive potential. B) carrying capacity. C) community size. D) density-dependent factor.

B

10) A newly mated queen ant establishes an ant nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. The population of the nest grows quickly at first, then levels off at carrying capacity. Which of the following models best describes its population growth? A) linear B) logarithmic C) logistic D) exponential

C

17) A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an example of A) Type III survivorship. B) a density-dependent effect. C) the effects of abiotic factors. D) the interaction between density-dependent and abiotic factors.

C

20) Which of the following organisms best illustrates K-selection? A) the production of thousands of eggs every spring by frogs B) mice that produce three litters of 10-15 babies in the course of a summer C) a polar bear producing one or two cubs every three years D) a species of weed that quickly spreads into a region of cleared trees

C

22) A demographic tool used to predict a population's future growth is A) a Type III survivorship curve. B) a demographic transition. C) age structures. D) a Type I survivorship curve.

C

24) The age structure of the United States in 2010 shows A) a broad base, suggesting a high birth rate. B) a broad base, suggesting a low birth rate. C) that a greater proportion of the population is elderly now than in earlier decades. D) that the United States has not yet gone through a demographic transition.

C

28) According to this graph of the population growth of fur seals, in what year did the population first reach its carrying capacity? A) 1925 B) 1930 C) 1940 D) 1950

C

29) According to this graph of population growth in Mexico, in what year was the rate of population increase in Mexico the greatest? A) 1912 B) 1930 C) 1965 D) 2000

C

4) You drive through Iowa in the spring and notice that along a stretch of several kilometers, every third fence post has a male redwing blackbird perched on it defending its nesting territory. This is an example of A) clumped dispersion. B) random dispersion. C) uniform dispersion. D) artificial dispersion.

C

18) In the logistic growth model, as population size increases, birth rates A) remain constant and death rates increase. B) decline but death rates remain steady. C) and death rates increase. D) decline and/or death rates increase.

D

2) Assume that there are five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida. This is a measure of the alligator population's A) dispersion. B) intrinsic rate of increase. C) range. D) density.

D

27) Which of the following activities would result in a decrease in your ecological footprint? A) flying across the United States once a month B) driving your car to and from school every day C) leaving the water running while you brush your teeth D) taking a city bus instead of driving to work

D