Chapter 4 American History Test Review

Battle of Saratoga

* fought in New York *Battle that was the turning point in the war

New York

*British won this land; *Nathan Hale went behind British lines to get secret information;

Ben Franklin

*He served in the Second Continental Congress and helped draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776. *He also negotiated the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War (1775-83).

Francis Marion

*was a military officer who served in the American Revolutionary War. *He is considered one father of guerrilla warfare. *He was known as the Swamp Fox.

Hessians

A German mercenary in the British army in America during the Revolutionary War. A mercenary soldier fighting for the British Army

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to the British Empire and the British monarchy during the American Revolutionary War.

Cornwallis

British general; surrendered at Yorktown to French and American forces. 8,000 British Soldiers were surrendered and the war was over.

Canada

British won this land with the help of Benedict Arnold of France.

Treaty of Paris of 1783

This treaty was signed after the Battle of Yorktown and it states that Great Britain recognizes the United States as an independent country.

Battle of Bunker Hill

Took place on Breed's Hill; Patriots loss: proved they could battle the Redcoats. Loss of British troops was double than patriots.

George Washington

Virginian: leader of the Continental Army. Became our first President.

Valley Forge

a camp where soldiers in the Continental Army stayed for 6 months. The winter was very harsh in this camp and many died from disease and hunger; no battle was actually fought there.

First Continental Congress

a gathering of colonial leaders who were deeply troubled about the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies in America. Met in PHILADELPHIA.

Mercernaries

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army.

Patriots

another name for a colonist who violently rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation. They were loyal to the colonies.

Battle of Trenton/Princeton

colonist won this Battle; it was a surprise attack and no one died on the colonist side.

African Americans in the war

did not have rights;many compared life attached to Britain as to being enslaved. Many white leaders owned slaves. They could not fight in war.

Declaration of Independence

formally announced the colonies break from Great Britain. Many signed the document even though it was treason. July 4, 1776 United States is born.

Redcoats

is a historical term used to refer to soldiers of the British Army because of the red uniforms formerly worn by the majority of regiments.

"Common Sense"

is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776.

The Crisis

is a series of 13 pamphlets and publications aimed at encouraging the American colonists to continue their opposition of British rule.

William Howe

is one of most well known British generals from the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Yorktown

last major battle of the Revolutionary War; British lost to the Patriots

William Dawes

rode with Paul Revere and evaded capture from the British. He was not given the glory for his ride because of Revere.

Treaty of Paris

signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America.

July 4,1776

the date that the Declaration of Independence was signed and all ties to British crown were broken and the United States of America was born.

Common Sense

this pamphlet stated the following: Maintaining "the cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind," Paine passionately argued for independence from Great Britain and the ability of the young country to prosper unfettered by the oppressive and economically draining English.

Von Steuben

was a Prussian-born military officer; He is credited with being one of the fathers of the Continental Army in teaching them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and disciplines

Olive Branch Petition

was a letter to King George III, from members of the Second Continental Congress, which represents the last attempt by colonists to avoid a war of independence against Britain. *It was disregarded by the King

Weaknesses of British Army

weakness of this army- lived overseas and not much knowledge of the land. Used paid soldiers.

Weaknesses of America

weakness of this army- poorly equipped army, small navy, not trained

British Strengths

well-trained; large powerful navy;more supplies to help their troops.

Lafayette

young frenchman who volunteered to serve in the Continental Army without pay; rich and supplied the troops with clothing.