chapter 4 homework

what is needed to facilitate active absorption

-a carrier protein -energy

Fluids involved in the processes of digestion and absorption may contain

-acid -mucus -water -hormone

Which nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine via active absorption?

-amino acids -glucose

Digestive enzymes

-are made of protein -catalyze chemical reactions

Gallstones are composed of

-bile pigments -cholesterol

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can

-cause liver swelling -occur when liver cells store access fat

the colon order through the large intestine that substances pass through

-cecum -ascending -transverse -descending -sigmoid

Identify the nutrients absorbed by passive diffusion

-fats -water

which of the following nutrients are absorbed int eh lymphatic system

-most fats -fat-soluble vitamins

Secretions from the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are delivered into small intestines via the

-pancreatic duct -bile duct

Diarhhea in young children is usually caused by

-viruses -bacteria -rotavirus

Hydrolysis reactions

-yield molecules small enough to be absorbed through the intestine wall -involve water molecules that are used to break down large molecules -are catalyzed by digestive enzymes

Identify structures made up of connective tissue

1. Bones 2. tendons 3. cartilages

In order, list the small intestine parts of the GI tract

1. doudenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum

The main functions of the large intestine include

1. form and expel feces 2, house gut microbiota 3. absorb water and electrolytes

What are the components of saliva?

1. mucus 2. lipase 3. amylase

the large intestine absorbs ______ % of water

10

GI tract sphincter Hepatopancreatic sphincter

Controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice from the common bile and pancreatic ducts into the small intestine

GI tract sphincter Pyloric sphincter

Controls the flow of stomach contents into the small intestine

the _______ intestine is where electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium are absorbed

Large

GI tract sphincter Lower esophageal sphincter

Prevents backflow (reflux) of stomach contents into the esophagus

Feces in the rectum are a powerful stimulation for

defecation

One function of bile in digestion is to _______ fats, to disperse fat into many tiny droplets

emulsify

the gallbladder secretes bile into the duodenum and reabsorbed it into the ileum. This recycling bile by the liver is part of the ____________ circulation

enterohepatic

when swallowing a bite of food, the _______ closes over the trachea to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus

epiglottis

what is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?

fructose

The chief cells of the stomach secrete

gastric lipase

the stomach hormone that increases food intake is called

ghrelin

The protein _______ found in wheat and related grains triggers an autoimmune response in individuals with celiac disease

gluten

the villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by

increasing the surface area

These nutrients would be picked up into the lymphatic system

large protein molecules

In pinocytosis, absorptive cells engulf

liquids or compounds

the residing bacteria throughout the GI tract are referred to as gut

microbiota

which layer in the wall of the intestinal tract have tiny fingerlike structures that project into the GI lumen and trap nutrients?

mucosa

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

GI sphincter Anal sphincters

prevent defecation until person desires to do so.

GI tract Ileocecal sphincter

prevent the contents form the large intestine from reentering the small intestine

_________ are live microorganisms and when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits

probiotics

What is the substance in the pancreatic juice that allows us to buffer the acidic contents arriving in the small intestine from the stomach is called

sodium bicarbonate

pancreatic amylase is responsible for breaking down _______ for digestion

starch

Chyme is formed in the ______

stomach

Only a small amount of nutrient absorption happens in the

stomach

the thickest and strongest muscles in the GI tract are in the __________ allowing for more complete mixing of foods with gastric juices

stomach

The unpleasant odor associated with flatulence is mainly attributed to

sulfur