Chapter 4 Quiz

Place the events in the correct order, with 1 occurring first and 5 occurring last.

DNA contains the information necessary to produce proteins. Transcription of one DNA strand results in mRNA, which is a complementary copy of the information in the DNA strand needed to make a protein. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are carried to the ribosome by tRNAs. The amino acids form a polypeptide chain.

Insert the correct words into the sentences regarding chromatin and chromosomes. Not all terms will be used.

The most compact, organized level of genetic material in a cell is a chromosome. Chromosomes are only visible when a cell is dividing. When the genetic material is in a loosely coiled form, DNA is able to direct the production of proteins through transcription.

Complete each sentence with the correct word from the list.

The outer, limiting barrier that separates the internal contents of the cell from the external environment is the plasma membrane. The nucleus is the largest structure in the cell. The nucleus contains DNA. All of the cellular components between the nucleus and the plasma membrane constitute the cytoplasm.

Insert the words into the sentences to identify the structures needed for transcription.

The process of transcription requires DNA in order to form a(n) RNA molecule. RNA polymerase is required to to assemble the ribonucleotides.

Complete the sentences about the structures that are required for translation.

Translation requires ribosomes to form new proteins. The code in the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the language of amino acids during translation. Translation takes place at ribosomes.

An information-containing segment of DNA that codes for the production of a molecule of RNA, which in most cases goes on to play a role in the synthesis of one or more proteins, is known as a(n)

gene

Immune system cells differentiate healthy versus unhealthy cells in the body by examining what part of the cell?

glycocalyx

Membrane proteins that penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer and can possibly extend from one surface to the other are called __________ proteins whereas other proteins that are attached to either the inner or the outer surface of the lipid bilayer are called __________ proteins.

integral; peripheral

Match each cellular component to whether it is bound by a membrane or not by dragging each label into the appropriate box. Not all terms will be used.

membranous organelles: lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex nonmembranous organelles: ribosomes, centrosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton

The __________ on the surface of a cell increase surface area, while the __________ assist with the movement of substances across the surface.

microvilli, cilia

Which of the following is a general function performed by all human body cells?

obtain nutrients

Identify whether each method of membrane transport is passive or active by dragging the label to the correct box.

passive: diffusion, filtration, osmosis active: uses ATP, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis

Place each of the terms or statements in the proper category to identify the proper stage of mitosis.

prophase: chromosomes form and thicken metaphase: chromosomes are aligned at the equator anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell telophase: chromosomes uncoil

The organelles responsible for protein synthesis are known as __________ and the organelles that assist with the breakdown of proteins are called __________.

ribosomes, proteasomes