Chapter 4- Section 3

how did pericles help enhance democracy

-under his system, citizens took part directly in the day to day affairs of government. -began to pay a stipend to men who participated in the Assembly which gave poor men a chance to serve in government -athenians served on juries -council of 500 - ostracism

immortals-read article- READ ARTICLE

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explain how the persian wars began and the role of athens and sparta

-In 499 bc, Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian rule. Athens sent ships to help them although the Persians soon crushed the rebel cities. The start of the Persian wars. -Athens had two key contributions to the Persian wars. The first was the win at marathon and the second was the involvement of the athenian navy during the last battle -Spartas key involvement was at the battle of thermopylae. A small Spartan force guarded the mountian pass at thermopylae. Led by King Leonidas, the spartans held out heroically against the enormous oersian force but were defeated in the end.

how was the battle of thermopylae fought, explain how the persians took on the spartans and how they finally made their break through such as tactics and weaponry***************** READ ARTICLE

-the persian military tactics were that they would use numbers over the quality of soldiers they had. In addition, they would fight on horse back and injure their enemies at large distances away with short bows and light armor. These tactic were a great disadvantage at the battle of Thermopylae because the narrow mountain pass had a limited amount of space and the persians would then have to fight hand to hand with a limited amount of soldiers at one time. This was planned out by the spartans which gave them an advantage because they had small numbers but would fight all as one with heavy armor and short distance combat weapons such as swords and spears. one key disadvantage was their placement, although the mountain pass helped them at first, the persians found a way to get around the mountain pass which allowed them to use their bows and large amount of soldiers.

Persian wars

A series of wars fought between Persia and many greek city-states

Battle of thermopylae-read article

A small Spartan force guarded the mountian pass at thermopylae. Led by King Leonidas, the spartans held out heroically against the enormous oersian force but were defeated in the end.

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result of the end of the persian wars

As a result of the Persian wars, athens and many other greek city states joined together in an alliance that would soon turn into another series of brutal battles and the Peloponessian War. In addition, athens became extremely wealthy.

Role of athens in Persian wars

Athens had two key contributions to the Persian wars. The first was the win at marathon and the second was the involvement of the athenian navy during the last battle

laying seige to athens

Despite Athens' great navy, they faced a serious geographical disadvantage. Sparta was inland so Athens could not use their navy and all Spartans would have to do is march northward. In response to this, Pericles allowed people to move into the city. The overcrowded conditions led to a terrible pleague that killed many athenians and pericles himself

peloponnesian war

Greeks outside athens resented athenian domination. To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League. In 431, warfare broke out between athens and Sparta. The fighting would last for 27 years.

Ionia city states

In 499 bc, Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian rule. Athens sent ships to help them although the Persians soon crushed the rebel cities. The start of the Persian wars.

king darius

King at the time of the ionian rebellions. He was furious at the role of athens playing into the uprising. In time, darius sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish athens for its interference. The mighty Persian army landed near Marathon, a plain north of athens, in 490 bc. The persians outnumbered the athenian forces yet the invaders were amazed to see the athenians. The Persians respnded with a rain of arrows but the greeks broke through the persian line and engaged in fierce hand to hand combat where the Persians hastily retreated.

Spartas involvement-read article

Spartas key involvement was at the battle of thermopylae. A small Spartan force guarded the mountian pass at thermopylae. Led by King Leonidas, the spartans held out heroically against the enormous oersian force but were defeated in the end.

Themistocles

The Athenian leader knew the victory at Marathon had only brought a temporary lull in the fighting so he urged athenians to build a fleet of warships and prepare other defenses which helped at the Battle of Salamis

king leonidas-read article

The Great Warrior King of Sparta that led the 300 Spartans during the Battle of Thermopylae.

result of the end of the peliponnesian war

The Peloponnesian War ended Athenian domination of the Greek World. The Athenian economy eventually revived and athens remained the cultural center of greece however its spirit and vitality declined

pericles

The able statesman and leader of the Athens Golden Age

battle of Salamis

The greeks now put their faith in the fleet of ships that Thermistocles had urged them to build. The athenians lured the persian navy into the narrow strait of Salamis. Then athenian worships powered by rowers drove into the persian boats with underwater battering rams. The next year, the greeks defeated the persians in land in asia minor which led to the end of the persian invasions.

what was the significance of the battle of marathon

The significance of the BAttle of Marathon it was a high moral victory and it stopped Persian advancement for a short while

funeral oration

The speech in which Pericles describes the superior qualities of Athenian Democracy as compared with the life of Sparta. One of the most famous defenses of democracy of all time

delian league

This is the alliance made between athens and other greek city states which was named after Delos, the location where the league held meetings.

Pheidippides

after the battle of marathon, Greeks sent p to carry home the news of the victory so he sprinted 26.2 miles and died after his delivery

culture of athens

athens prospered during the Age of Pericles. With the empire's riches, pericles directed the rebuilding of the Acropolis. With the help of an educated foreign born women named Aspasia, Pericles turned athens into the cultural center of greece. They encouraged the arts through public festivals, dramatic competitions, and the building programs.

Battle of Marathon

darius sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish athens for its interference. The mighty Persian army landed near Marathon, a plain north of athens, in 490 bc. The persians outnumbered the athenian forces yet the invaders were amazed to see the athenians. The Persians respnded with a rain of arrows but the greeks broke through the persian line and engaged in fierce hand to hand combat where the Persians hastily retreated.

King xerces and beginning of another round of wars

in 480 bc, his son xerxes sent a much larger force to conquer Greece but by this time, athens persuaded sparta and other greek city states to join them. Once again, the persians landed in northern greece. A small Spartan force guarded the mountian pass at thermopylae. Led by King Leonidas, the spartans held out heroically against the enormous oersian force but were defeated in the end. The persians marched south and burned athens but athenians had already withdrawn from the city. The greeks now put their faith in the fleet of ships that Thermistocles had urged them to build. The athenians lured the persian navy into the narrow strait of Salamis. Then athenian worships powered by rowers drove into the persian boats with underwater battering rams. The next year, the greeks defeated the persians in land in asia minor which led to the end of the persian invasions.

ostracism

the process in which athenian citizens could vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy.