Chapter 4 Test

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their __________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A. circadian B. melatonin C. external D. rhythm

A

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A. snoring while asleep B. talking while asleep C. kicking and punching while asleep D. crying while asleep

C

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid? A. methamphetamine B. nicotine C. methadone D. coffee

C

Which term describes the tendency to maintain, a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? A. melatonin B. insomnia C. homeostasis D. rhythm

C

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when __________. A. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep. B. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. C. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus. D. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic.

A

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli. A. external B. peripheral C. conscious D. epidermal

A

The _________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep. A. alpha B. beta C. delta D. kappa

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________________ leg syndrome. A. restless B. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) C. nervous D. agitated

A

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? A. above average birth weight B. premature birth C. smoking in the home D. hyperthermia

A

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles occur? A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1

C

Who described the collective unconscious? A. Rosalind Cartwright B. Sigmund Freud C. Carl Jung D. John Hobson

C

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ____________. A. night terror B. restless leg syndrome C. hypersomnia D. somnambulism

D

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone. A. meditation; hypnosis B. meditation; somnambulism C. somnambulism; meditation D. hypnosis; meditation

D

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________. A. jet lag B. night terrors C. parasomnia D. external circadian

A

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________. A. every time she attempts to sleep B. three nights in a row C. at least three nights a week for one month D. even after taking medication

C

Alcohol is considered _____________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. A. antipsychotic B. hallucinogen C. stimulant D. depressant

D

The _____________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours. A. pineal B. homeostatic C. meta D. circadian

D

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A. depressant B. stimulant C. hallucinogen D. antipsychotic

B

In a ____________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content. A. K-complex B. lucid C. theta wave D. REM

B

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. A. light; darkness B. darkness; light C. pulsing light; steady light D. twilight; gloom

B

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. A. NREM B. REM C. non-REM D. night terrors

B

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________. A. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) B. narcolepsy C. damage to his K-complex D. a stroke

B

What hormone does the pineal gland release? A. testosterone B. melatonin C. estrogen D. insulin

B

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________. A. internal-external stimulus B. homeostasis C. circadian rhythm D. heterostasis

B

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake? A. circadian rhythm B. sleep C. jet lag D. consciousness

B

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming. A. lucid B. stage 1 C. internal D. external

A

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false? A. It will probably lead to substance abuse? B. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. C. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult. D. It can result in sleeping problems.

A

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false? A. Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD. B. Sleep deprivation can result decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. C. Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity. D. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms.

A

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? A. tolerance B. withdrawal C. physical dependence D. psychological dependence

D

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. A. withdrawal B. physical dependence C. psychological dependence D. tolerance

D

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? A. dependent B. Freudian C. cognitive behavioral D. evolutionary

D