Chapter 4 - Tour of a Cell Practice Questions
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane transport vesicles rough endoplasmic reticulum
a
Cell fractionation _____. separates cells into their component parts requires the use of a scanning electron microscope uses strong acids to break apart cells is no longer used in modern cell biology None of the listed responses is correct.
a
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. None of the listed responses is correct.
a
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? ER--> Golgi --> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane ER--> lysosome--> vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane Golgi-->ER-->lysosome ER--> Golgi-->nucleus nucleus-->ER-->Golgi
a
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates. The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
a
Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? cell tissue organ molecules None of the listed responses is correct.
a
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? mitochondrion centriole wall made of cellulose chloroplast central vacuole
a
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree bacterial cells that are growing on sugars inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use nondividing cells in the skin on your finger
a
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria _____. are produced by the nucleus of the cell must divide each time the cell containing them divides are part of the endomembrane system are involved in energy metabolism of the cell contain two or more membranes
b
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? muscles cytoskeleton transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi plasma membrane ribosomes
b
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? nerve cell phagocytic white blood cell muscle cell leaf cell of a plant bacterial cell
b
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
b
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? lysosome, vacuole, ribosome ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
b
Which of the following is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion? transport vesicles free cytoplasmic ribosomes the Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b
Which of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? rough endoplasmic reticulum free cytoplasmic ribosomes Golgi apparatus transport vesicles All of the listed responses will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.
b
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. make a lot of ATP secrete a lot of protein move rapidly absorb nutrients in the GI tract store large quantities of ions
b
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? rough endoplasmic reticulum the Golgi apparatus the nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus
c
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. in the ribosomes of the mitochondria on free cytoplasmic ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the plasma membrane
c
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? nucleus mitochondria cilia the central vacuole Golgi apparatus
c
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found _____. free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes on the rough ER in bacterial cells The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
c
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? in the aqueous interior of a lysosome functioning as a digestive enzyme in the cytoplasm functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted in a mitochondrion functioning in ATP synthesis
c
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. have a very high metabolic rate be buried deep in the interior of an organism be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment be a prokaryotic cell be nearly spherical in shape
c
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
c
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? breakdown of complex foods energy processing manufacturing structural support of cells information storage
c
Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane mitochondrial outer membrane lysosome membrane Golgi apparatus
c
Which of the following is false? Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. Mitochondria have more than one membrane. Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. The mitochondria possess their own DNA.
c
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? chloroplast nuclear envelope ribosome mitochondrion ER
c
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? the nucleolus mitochondria ribosomes transport vesicles No organelles are found inside of other organelles.
c
Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells? mitochondria plasma membrane centrioles Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum
c
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? cytosol plasma membrane mitochondria ribosomes DNA
c
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? Golgi apparatus nuclear envelope chloroplast plasma membrane ER
c
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
c
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. lack chromosomes have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm have no ribosomes
d
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _____. a tight junction a microtubule a cell wall plasmodesmata a gap junction
d
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _____. externally to the plasma membrane in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
d
Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell the cell's surface-to-volume ratio the shape of the cell All of the choices are correct. None of the choices is correct.
d
Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? Mitochondria but not chloroplasts contain a small amount of DNA. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. Chloroplasts but not mitochondria are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part.
d
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? Both are permeable to water and small solutes. Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
d
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
d
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice? light microscope, because of its high resolving power transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power light microscope, because the specimen is alive
e
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____. a microtubule the endomembrane system a ribosome the nucleus the plasma membrane
e
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? actin pseudopodia mitochondria tubulin motor proteins
e
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the __________. lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum peroxisomes ribosomes mitochondria
e
In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, a particular cell also has a nucleus and chloroplasts. Based on this information, this cell could be _____. a cell from a pine tree a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow a yeast (fungus) cell a bacterium a protistal cell and a plant cell
e
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? lysosomes ribosomes Golgi apparatus RNA None of the listed responses is correct.
e
Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? They are all involved in ATP synthesis. They all contain two or more membranes. They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins. They are all part of the plastid family of organelles. None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
e
Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? the cytoplasm the rough endoplasmic reticulum in mitochondria The first two answers are correct. The first three answers are correct.
e
Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED? Golgi; protein trafficking lysosome; intracellular digestion ribosome; protein synthesis nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits microtubule; muscle contraction
e