Chapter 40

The movement of the solvent water from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is established is known as: a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Active transport d. Filtration

a. Osmosis

Plasma, the liquid constituent of blood, is correctly identified as which of the following? a. Interstitial fluid b. Intravascular fluid c. Intracellular fluid d. 40% of total body fluid

b. Intravascular fluid

A patient has been encouraged to increase her fluid intake. Which measure would be most effective for the nurse to implement? a. Explaining the mechanisms involved in transporting fluids to and from intracellular compartments b. Keeping fluids readily available for the patient c. Emphasizing the long-term outcome of increasing fluids when she returns home d. Planning to offer most daily fluids in the evening

b. Keeping fluids readily available for the patient

The nurse alertly assesses the acid-base balance of a patient because she is aware that the patient will be unable to effectively control his carbonic acid supply.This is most likely a patient with bad damage to which of the following? a. Kidneys b. Lungs c. Adrenal glands d. Blood vessels

b. Lungs

The nurse instructs a patient to focus on breathing more slowly as the most effective intervention for which acid-base imbalance? a. Respiratory acidosis (carbonic acid excess) b. Respiratory alkalosis (carbonic acid deficit) c. Metabolic acidosis (base bicarbonate deficit) d. Metabolic alkalosis (base bicarbonate excess)

b. Respiratory alkalosis (carbonic acid deficit)

Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a patient's IV has infiltrated? a. In the past hour, only 50 mL of fluid has infused. b. The insertion site is red, hot, and swollen. c. The patient's temperature has risen to 101F(38.3C). d. The site is pale, cool, swollen, and painful.

d. The site is pale, cool, swollen, and painful.

When developing the teaching plan for a patient at risk for hyperkalemia, which foods would the nurse instruct the patient to avoid? a. Carrots and squash b. Canned soups and potato chips c. Bananas and apricots d. Whole-grain cereals and milk

c. Bananas and apricots

Which of the following is the most common etiologic factor related to the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume? a. Increased need for fluids secondary to fever b. Abnormal fluid loss from vomiting c. Excessive IV infusion d. Decreased fluid intake secondary to depression

c. Excessive IV infusion

Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse suspect after assessing the following arterial blood gas values(pH, 7.30; PaCO2, 36 mm Hg; HCO3, 14 mEq/L)? a. Respiratory acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Metabolic alkalosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

Potassium functions as which of the following? a. The chief electrolyte of extracellular fluid b. The most abundant electrolyte in the body c. The major cation of intracellular fluid d. The chief extracellular anion

c. The major cation of intracellular fluid

Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind when preparing to assist the physician with insertion of a nontunneled percutaneous central venous catheter? a. This catheter usually remains in place for 2 to 3 months. b. The catheter is introduced via the basilic or cephalic veins in the antecubital space. c. Nursing responsibility includes accessing the catheter with an angled needle. d. A chest radiograph is required to confirm placement.

d. A chest radiograph is required to confirm placement.

Which of the following would the nurse use as the most reliable indicator of a patient's fluid balance status? a. Intake and output b. Skin turgor c. Complete blood count d. Daily weight

d. Daily weight

While administering a blood transfusion, when would the nurse assess the patient for a blood transfusion reaction? a. 15 minutes after the infusion is started b. After the blood is all infused c. Every hour d. Every 15 minutes

d. Every 15 minutes

Which site would be most appropriate for initiating IV therapy for a patient who has sustained multiple injuries after an automobile accident and has a cast on his right arm? a. Left antecubital b. Dorsal aspect of either foot c. Right hand d. Left forearm

d. Left forearm

When implementing the plan of care for a patient receiving IV therapy, which intervention would be most appropriate? a. Changing the IV catheter and entry site daily b. Changing the tubing every 8 hours c. Increasing the rate to catch up if the correct amount has not been infused at the end of the shift d. Monitoring the flow rate at least every hour

d. Monitoring the flow rate at least every hour