Infectious Diseases

A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) comments to the nurse, "There are so many rotten people around. Why couldn't one of them get AIDS instead of me?" The nurse's best response is: 1."It seems unfair that you should be so ill." 2."It may be helpful to speak with a minister." 3."I can understand why you're so afraid of death." 4."I'm sure you really don't wish this on someone else."

1."It seems unfair that you should be so ill."

A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching to the family of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 1."Wash used dishes in hot, soapy water." 2."Let dishes soak in hot water for 24 hours before washing." 3."You should boil the client's dishes for 30 minutes after use." 4."Have the client eat from paper plates so they can be discarded."

1."Wash used dishes in hot, soapy water."

A nurse is teaching a client about drug therapy for gonorrhea. Which fact about drug therapy should the nurse emphasize? 1.Cures the infection 2.Prevents complications 3.Controls its transmission 4.Reverses pathological changes

1.Cures the infection

A client arrives for a vaccination at an influenza prevention clinic. A nursing assessment identifies a current febrile illness with a cough. The nurse should: 1.Give the vaccine 2.Administer aspirin with the vaccine 3.Hold the vaccine and notify the health care provider 4.Reschedule administration of the vaccine for the next month

4.Reschedule administration of the vaccine for the next month

The nurse teaches a group of clients that nutritional support of natural defense mechanisms indicates the need for a diet high in: 1.Essential fatty acids 2.Dietary cellulose and fiber 3.Tryptophan, an amino acid 4.Vitamins A, C, E, and selenium

4.Vitamins A, C, E, and selenium

A client presents to the emergency department with a fever, headache, loss of appetite, and malaise. The nurse identifies raised red bumps on the client's arms and legs. A diagnosis of chickenpox is made. The client should be placed in a private room with what kind of precautions? 1.Contact precautions 2.Droplet precautions 3.Airborne precautions 4.No additional precautions other than standard precautions

3.Airborne precautions

A client in the emergency department states, "I was bitten by a raccoon while I was fixing a water pipe in the crawl space of my basement." Which is the most effective first-aid treatment for the nurse to use for this client? 1.Administering an antivenin 2.Maintaining a pressure dressing 3.Cleansing the wound with soap and water 4.Applying a tourniquet proximal to the wound

3.Cleansing the wound with soap and water

A client with a recent history of sinusitis develops meningitis and demonstrates a positive Brudzinski sign. The priority nursing care is: 1.Controlling intracranial pressure 2.Adding pads to the side of the bed 3.Administering prescribed antibiotics 4.Hydrating the client with hypotonic saline

3.Administering prescribed antibiotics

A chronically ill, older client tells the home care nurse that the daughter with whom the client lives seems run-down and disinterested in her own health, as well as the health of her children, who are 5, 7, and 12 years old. The client tells the nurse that the daughter coughs a good deal and sleeps a lot. Why is it important that the nurse pursue the daughter's condition for potential case finding? 1.Older adults with chronic illness are more susceptible to tuberculosis. 2.Tuberculosis has been rising dramatically in the general population. 3.There is a high incidence of tuberculosis in children less than 12 years of age. 4.Death from tuberculosis has been generally on the decrease in the United States

1.Older adults with chronic illness are more susceptible to tuberculosis.

A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What precautions should the nurse take when caring for this client? 1.Use standard precautions. 2.Employ airborne precautions. 3.Plan interventions to limit direct contact. 4.Discourage long visits from family members

1.Use standard precautions.

A client with tuberculosis asks the nurse about the communicability of the disease. Which is the best response by the nurse? 1."Tuberculosis is not communicable at this time." 2."Untreated active tuberculosis is communicable." 3."Tuberculosis is communicable during the primary stage." 4."With the newer long-term therapies, tuberculosis is not communicable."

2."Untreated active tuberculosis is communicable."

A client receiving chemotherapy takes a steroid daily. The client has a white blood cell count of 12,000/mm3 and a red blood cell count of 4.5 million/mm3. What is the priority instruction that the nurse should teach the client? 1.Omit the daily dose of prednisone 2.Avoid large crowds and persons with infections 3.Shave with an electric shaver rather than a safety razor 4.Increase the intake of high protein foods and red meats

2.Avoid large crowds and persons with infections

What is the primary focus of nursing care for a client admitted with tetanus caused by a puncture wound? 1.Monitoring urinary output 2.Decreasing external stimuli 3.Maintaining body alignment 4.Encouraging high intake of fluid

2.Decreasing external stimuli

A primary health care provider prescribes airborne precautions for a client with tuberculosis. After being taught about the details of airborne precautions, the client is seen walking down the hall to get a glass of juice from the kitchen. The most effective nursing intervention is to: 1.Ensure regular visits by staff members 2.Explore what the precautions mean to the client 3.Report the situation to the infection control nurse 4.Re-teach the concepts of airborne precautions to the client

2.Explore what the precautions mean to the client

Before the nurse can be an advocate for a client who is homosexual who has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the nurse needs to do what? 1.Reveal to clients the nurse's personal sexual identity 2.Identify personal attitudes and feelings about homosexuality 3.Have a commitment to treat all patients equally 4.Admit feelings of being uncomfortable around the client

2.Identify personal attitudes and feelings about homosexuality

A mother with the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) states that she has been caring for her baby even though she has not been feeling well. What important information should the nurse determine? 1.If she has kissed the baby 2.If the baby is breastfeeding 3.When the baby last received antibiotics 4.How long she has been caring for the baby

2.If the baby is breastfeeding

Which test result should a nurse review to determine if the antibiotic prescribed for the client will be effective? 1.Serologic test 2.Sensitivity test 3.Serum osmolality 4.Sedimentation rate

2.Sensitivity test

A tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is performed as part of a routine physical examination. The nurse instructs the client to make an appointment so the test can be read in: 1. 12 hours 2. 24-48 hours 3. 48-72 hours 4. 1 week

3. 48-72 hours

A client is diagnosed with gastroenteritis. What does the nurse determine is the basic intention underlying the unique dietary management for this client? 1.Provide optimal amounts of all important nutrients. 2.Increase the amount of bulk and roughage in the diet. 3.Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation. 4.Promote psychological support by offering a wide variety of foods.

3.Eliminate chemical, mechanical, and thermal irritation.

What criteria should the nurse consider when determining if an infection should be categorized as a health care-associated infection? 1.Originated primarily from an exogenous source. 2.Is associated with a drug resistant microorganism. 3.Occurred in conjunction with treatment for an illness. 4.Still has the infection despite completing the prescribed therapy

3.Occurred in conjunction with treatment for an illness.

A nurse observes that an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) did not use a bag impervious to liquid for contaminated linen from a client who is on contact precautions. The nurse's best way to handle this situation is to: 1.Place the linen in an appropriate bag 2.Write an incident report about the situation 3.Review transmission-based precautions with the UAP 4.Place an anecdotal summary of the behavior in the UAP's personnel record

3.Review transmission-based precautions with the UAP

A nurse working in the health services center of a college is reviewing the vaccination records of a young adult who plans to enroll. Which immunizations are required to meet admission criteria according to the American Academy of Pediatrics? 1.One dose of diphtheria toxoid, oral poliomyelitis, live measles, live rubella, and mumps vaccines. 2.Two doses of diphtheria toxoid, oral poliomyelitis vaccine, and one dose of live measles, live rubella, and mumps vaccine. 3.Three doses of diphtheria toxoid and oral poliomyelitis vaccine, and one dose of live measles, live rubella, and mumps vaccine. 4.Three doses of diphtheria toxoid vaccine, two doses of oral poliomyelitis vaccine, and one dose of live measles, live rubella, and mumps vaccine

3.Three doses of diphtheria toxoid and oral poliomyelitis vaccine, and one dose of live measles, live rubella, and mumps vaccine

A client cannot understand how syphilis was contracted because there has been no sexual activity for several days. Which length of time associated with the incubation of syphilis should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 1.One week 2.Four months 3.Two to six weeks 4.48 to 72 hours

3.Two to six weeks

After surgery a client is to receive an antibiotic by intravenous (IV) piggyback in 50 mL of a diluent. The piggyback is to infuse in 20 minutes. The drop factor of the IV set is 15 gtts/mL. The nurse should set the piggyback to flow at how many gtts/min? Record your answer using a whole number. __________ gtts/min

38 gtt/min

Ampicillin 250 mg by mouth every six hours is prescribed for a client who is to be discharged. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands the teaching about ampicillin? 1."I should drink a glass of milk with each pill." 2."I should drink at least six glasses of water every day." 3."The medicine should be taken with meals and at bedtime." 4."The medicine should be taken one hour before or two hours after meals."

4."The medicine should be taken one hour before or two hours after meals."

A client expresses concern that because of supply and demand there is no vaccine available for the annual flu vaccine. What is the nurse's best reply? 1."It's unfortunate, but there was such a limited supply available." 2."There are many others who also were unable to get a flu vaccine." 3."It doesn't matter because the vaccine is for just one particular strain." 4."There are other things you can do to prevent the flu, such as hand washing.

4."There are other things you can do to prevent the flu, such as hand washing.

After several years of unprotected sex, a client is diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The client states, "I'm not worried because they have a cure for AIDS." The best response by the nurse is: 1."Repeated phlebotomies may be able to rid you of the virus." 2."You may be cured of AIDS after prolonged pharmacological therapy." 3."Perhaps you should have worn condoms to prevent contracting the virus." 4."There is no cure for AIDS but there are drugs that can slow down the virus."

4."There is no cure for AIDS but there are drugs that can slow down the virus."

Which prescribed medication should the nurse expect to administer to a female client who exhibits the genital lesions presented in the illustration?(herpes genitalis) 1.Zidovudine (Retrovir) 2.Metronidazole (Flagyl) 3.Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 4.Acyclovir sodium (Zovirax)

4.Acyclovir sodium (Zovirax)Acyclovir sodium is a treatment for herpes simplex type 2 in a female client. There is no medication that cures this disease; however, an antiviral, such as acyclovir sodium, generally is prescribed to reduce healing time and the severity of clinical findings. Zidovudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor often prescribed to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent generally prescribed to treat gastroenteritis caused by Clostridium difficile. Ceftriaxone is an antimicrobial agent generally prescribed for gonorrhea.

An older client with a history of congestive heart failure expresses concern about potential exposure to tuberculosis. The client states that a roommate at the extended care facility where the client resides sleeps a lot, coughs a great deal, and sometimes spits up blood. The primary reason that the nurse pursues more information about the roommate is because: 1.Death from tuberculosis is on the increase 2.The roommate is causing the client to be anxious 3.The roommate most likely is preventing the client from getting proper sleep 4.Older adults with chronic illness are affected adversely by tuberculosis

4.Older adults with chronic illness are affected adversely by tuberculosis

Which patients are at risk of developing health care-associated infections (HAIs)? Select all that apply. A. A patient with an arm fracture B. A patient with a very high fever C. A patient with laryngeal cancer D .A patient with diabetes mellitus E. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter

C. A patient with laryngeal cancer D .A patient with diabetes mellitus E. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter