Chapter 5
Data (like Year-to-date totals) that come from a data store and are used in a process (like 'Calculate YTD Totals') and then the updated amounts are written back to the data store - can be drawn on a DFD model as a two-headed arrow.
False
On a data flow diagram, there is an arrow called 'student record details'. This would be: a) A process b) A data flow c) A data store d) An external entity e) It is impossible to tell from the information given
B
Which of the following would be a 'black hole' error on a DFD? a) A process has no input b) A process has no output c) A process has four inputs and only three outputs d) Data moves directly from a data store from an external entity e) Two processes send data flows to the same data store
B
You have a Patient Processing data flow diagram for a hospital system. Data that is retrieved from a Patient data store includes: patient name, phone number, health insurance, HIPAA identifier, and more. In creating the level 1 diagram where you retrieve data from that data store you: a) Must explicitly list each data item coming from the data store b) May give the data flow as 'Patient Details' instead of listing all data items c) May aggregate as many as four data items together (so if twelve data items are being moved, you need to show three data flows) d) List only the items normally used in the process (with data that might not be used unless there is some rare processing situation not listed) e) Either (a) or (c) above
B
Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown? a) Process b) Data flow c) UML Stage d) Data store e) External Entity
D
A 'black hole' error on a DFD is when a process has inputs but no outputs.
True
A data flow is a single piece of data - or a logical collection of several pieces of information.
True
A process model is a formal way of representing how a business system operates.
True
A repository for data in DFDs is called a 'data store'
True
A well-constructed use case makes developing a data flow diagram fairly straightforward.
True
According to the authors "Process modeling - and creating DFDs in particular - is one of the most important skills needed by systems analysts".
True
Children processes collectively make up the parent process (but give more detail).
True
An external entity in data flow diagramming is represented by: a) Rounded boxes b) Arrows c) Rectangles that are open on the right end d) Rectangles e) Circles
D
An external entity is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
D
A 'black hole' error on a DFD is when a process creates output without an input.
False
A data repository is a collection of data that is stored in some way on a DFD.
False
A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs.
False
According to the authors "Process modeling - and the creating of PMPs in particular - is one of the most important skills needed by systems analysts".
False
All major processes are shown on the context diagram.
False
Context diagrams and Level 0 diagrams deliberately hide some of the system's complexity.
True
Context diagrams show the entire system in context with the environment (like external entities).
True
Data Flow diagramming is a tool for doing process modelin
True
Data stores are named with nouns and have an identification number and description.
True
Data that is coming from a process and going to a data store (or database) will have an arrow head pointing towards the data store.
True
Every process has a unique identification number, a name and a description.
True
Every process on a DFD must have at least one input data flow.
True
External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it.
True
In drawing DFD's, arrows are used to show data flows.
True
In general, all process models will have as many level 1 diagrams as there are processes on the level 0 diagram.
True
Many business processes are too complex to be explained in one DFD.
True
One end of every data flow will always come from - or go to - a process - with an arrow showing the direction into or out of the process.
True
One important principal in process modeling with DFD's is the decomposition on the business processes into a series of DFD's.
True
Process models can be used with either 'as-is' systems or 'to-be' systems.
True
Processes in DFDs are shown as rounded rectangles in the Gane and Sarson notation.
True
Processes should be named with a verb and ending with a noun (like Calculate Sales Tax).
True
The external entity on a DFD generally corresponds to the primary actor on the use case.
True
The first law of conservation of data states: "data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process".
True
The major inputs and major outputs listed on the use case provide a list of the sources and destinations of the inflows and outflows on the processes on a DFD.
True
The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow diagrams).
True
The purpose of the Level 0 DFD is to show all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated.
True
The second law of conservation of data states: "Processes cannot consume or create data".
True
There are many process modeling techniques used today.
True
A process is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
A
A process is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data c) A collection of data d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
A
Andrei has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a: a) Context diagram b) Use case diagram c) Level 0 diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
A
Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is: a) Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level b) Making sure that each data store has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow c) Making sure that each process has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow d) Making sure that all processes start with action verb phrases e) Making sure that all data flows have noun names
A
Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by: a) Rounded boxes b) Arrows c) Rectangles that is open on the right end d) Enclosed rectangles e) Circles
A
Tom is trying to change his Use Case into a Data Flow Diagram. He has found that a use case step generally is the same as a ________ on the Level 1 Data flow diagram. a) Process b) External Entity c) Data flow d) Internal Entity e) Data store
A
Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be: a) A process b) A data flow c) A data store d) An external entity e) A process relationship
A
Which Data Flow Diagram does not have data stores? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagrams d) Level 2 diagrams e) Process Diagram
A
Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process? a) Context Diagram b) Level 0 diagrams c) Level 1 diagrams d) Level 2 diagrams e) All DFDs show this
A
The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is: a) Use cases tend to be developed with users to make sure the analyst has fully captured the processes and relationships; DFD's are built upon the use cases to more fully formally understand the processes involved b) Both are tools in a systems analysts toolbox, although they do unrelated things c) Use cases are developed by users exclusively; while DFD's are developed by analysts exclusively d) Use cases come out of JAD sessions and clarify what was discussed by users in those sessions; DFD's come out of analysts interviews. e) They are the same thing - use cases are process models using the DeMarco and Yourdon notation; and DFD's are process models using the Gane and Sarson notation.
A
A data flow is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
B
A data flow is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data c) A collection of data d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
B
Data flows in data flow diagramming are represented by: a) Rounded boxes b) Arrows c) Rectangles that are open on the right end d) Closed rectangles e) Circles
B
Decomposing a DFD means: a) Balancing the processes so that each process has three and only three sub-processes b) Breaking complex processes into a structured set of detailed diagrams c) Doing a walk through on the entire DFD structure with all the analysts on the project team d) Taking lower levels of process refinement and aggregating them into a major system e) Making sure that all data stores are shown on each child DFD diagram
B
Which Data Flow Diagrams shows all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated? a) Context Diagrams b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagram d) Level 2 diagram e) Use Diagram
B
Carlos has a Level 0 DFD diagram where one of the external entities is the "Internal Revenue Service" - and he has a data store called "Tax Rate Table". He has drawn a data flow arrow from the Internal Revenue Service to the data store as the data has been loaded into the Tax Rate Table prior to the processing. What would be true? a) This is correct b) This is incorrect, 'data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process' so he needs a process (like 'load Tax Rate Table') first in this system c) This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process) d) This is almost correct. The correct diagram would be a dashed line indicating that the loading of the data was implied prior to the start of this process e) This is incorrect. What should happen is an 'external process' should be called at the start of the process - like "Call IRS for data load"
C
Data flow diagrams are: a) Usually created by users and reviewed by analysts b) Usually jointly created by analysts and users c) Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness d) Usually created by the project champion and reviewed by the project team e) Usually created by business analyst and reviewed by the infrastructure analyst
C
James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data? a) Move withholding to YTD storage b) Transfer fed taxes to YTD storage c) Calculation Result d) Federal Withholding Taxes e) Add amounts to YTD total
D
The context diagram shows: a) Detailed processing logic b) All major processes c) All the data stores in the system d) The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process e) The system in context with all other systems in that department (for example, accounts payable, accounts receivable, etc.)
D
Which of the following is NOT true? a) Every process has at least one input data flow b) Every data flow connects to at least one process c) Every external entity has at least one input or one output data flow d) Every data flow has a unique name that is a verb phrase e) Every process has at least one output data flow
D
A process model is: a) The output of the interviewing process b) The work plan c) The model that is produced by extreme prototyping d) The expanded and thoroughly balanced use case for a system e) A formal way of representing how a business system operates
E
An external entity is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data c) A collection of data d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
E
Mark has a data store called 'Items' and it includes all the items sold in a convenience store - sorted by UPC code with the retail price of the item. He has only one data flow called 'Item Details' that flows from the data store to the Process Checkout process. What will be true in this case? a) This is incorrect as every data store must have both inputs and outputs b) This is incorrect as every process must have both inputs and outputs c) This is incorrect as the data flow should have a verb phrase like 'Get Item Details' d) This is incorrect as there is no way to update the 'Items' data store e) This is correct
E
Data cannot go from one process to another process without going to a data store first
False
Data flow diagrams (as the name implies) focus on the physical data in a system.
False
Data flows are named with verb phrases (like 'Move Payroll Information to Payroll Database').
False
Data flows coming out of a data store are dashed lines, data flows coming into a data store are solid lines with a head on the arrow pointing to the data store.
False
Data flows to a process must be balanced, like if there are two input data flows, there MUST be two output data flows.
False
Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a 'data flow'.
False
Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a 'data stream'.
False
External entities in a DFD are shown as circles.
False
It is possible to decompose level 1 processes even farther, so for example, process 2.1 on a Level 1 DFD might become 2.1A, 2.1B, 2.1C, etc.
False
On the Level 0 DFD diagram, Anthony had processes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. When decomposing process 2 further, he ended up with processes 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6. The sub processes (2.1 to 2.6) are called 'offspring' processes.
False
Process models are only used to document the current system (that is, the "as-is" system), since that is the system the users know and is the system that will be modified.
False
Processes in DFDs are shown as circles in the Gane and Sarson notation.
False
Processes on a DFD are named with noun phrases (like: Payroll Update Process).
False
The data stores on the DFD correspond to Major Steps Performed on a use case.
False
The first DFD in every business process model is the Level 0 diagram.
False
Logical process models are: a) Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted b) Coded logic models c) Models based upon implementing the if-then-else programming structure d) Developed by the infrastructure analyst e) Created in the system walkthough
A
On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like: a) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 b) 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 c) 2A, 2B, 2C d) 2-A, 2-B, 2-C e) 2-initial, 2-main, 2-end
A
Ramesh has drawn a set of DFD's that are not properly balanced. This is probably a: a) Syntax error b) Semantic error c) Modeling error d) First law of conservation of data error e) Second law of conservation of data eror
A
Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a process. She will a) Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory' b) Give it a noun description phrase, like 'Inventory-process-1' c) Give it only a number - and depending on whether it is a major process (a whole number) or a subsidiary process (a whole number with a decimal point and value - like 1.3) d) Give it a sentence name, like 'Customer arrives at checkout counter' e) Use whatever process she feels comfortable with - as long as she is consistent
A
A data store is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
C
A data store is: a) An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data c) A collection of data d) A trigger to a use case e) A person, organization or system outside of the system
C
A new patient calls up an optometrist office to make an appointment. On a DFD diagram, the new patient would be represented by: a) a data flow b) a process c) an external entity d) a trigger e) a data store
C
A payroll data flow diagram has a data-store called Accumulated Salary Data. At one stage in the DFD, a process "Calculate YTD-Taxes" gets data from that data store, updates it in the process, and writes it back out. The diagram should show: a) A single line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details b) A dashed line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details c) A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details d) Two separate data flow lines but each with the same name YTD Payroll Details e) Two dashed lines but each with the same name of YTD Payroll Details
C
A process model can __________: a) Only document the as-is system b) Only document the to-be system c) Document both the as-is and the to-be system d) Only be used in BPR situations e) Only be used with JAD sessions
C
Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to whether it is computerized or a manual process). She is probably creating _______________. a) A physical process model b) A PMT (process management tool) model c) A logical process model d) A user process model e) A UML system case model
C
Data stores in data flow diagramming are represented by: a) Rounded boxes b) Arrows c) Rectangles that are open on the right end d) Rectangles e) Circles
C
On your level 0 diagrams you have a process #3 and on your level 1 diagrams for process #3, you have processes numbered 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. These would be called: a) Offspring of process 3 b) Sons of process 3 c) Children of process 3 d) Roots of process 3 e) Leaves of process 3
C
The act of taking a level 1 diagram and creating level 2 diagrams is called: a) Breakdown b) Division c) Decomposing d) Splitting e) Halving
C
The relation between use cases and data flow diagrams is generally: a) Use cases are developed by users and data flow diagrams are developed by systems analysts b) Data flow diagrams are developed first and then use cases ensue c) Use cases are developed first and then data flow diagrams ensue d) Use cases show logical processes, while data flow diagrams show physical processes e) There is not a relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams
C
What diagram will have processes with one decimal place (like 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) and might have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagram d) UML state diagram e) Level 0 diagram
C
Which of the following is NOT correct? a) Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram b) Every process is wholly and completely described by the processes on its children DFD's c) Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams d) Every data store has at least one input data flow someplace in the entire DFD system e) Every process has a unique name that is a action oriented verb phrase
C
Which of the following would be a "miracle" error on a DFD? a) A data store has only an output data flow b) A data store has only an input data flow c) A process has no input data flows d) A process has no output data flows e) An external entity shows up on a Level 2 diagram
C
Which would be the normal order of tasks? a) Requirements gathering, creating DFDs, creating use cases b) Creating use cases; creating DFD, holding JAD sessions c) Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams d) Doing BPR, analyzing documents, creating DFDs, creating use cases e) Doing activity elimination, doing use cases, doing DFDs
C
Brianna has a process has two inputs but only one output. a) This is an error as there needs to be the same amount of inputs as outputs b) This is an error as process do not have inputs or outputs c) This is normal as all processes have two inputs and one output d) This is normal as all processes need at least one input and at least one output e) This is an error as processes only produce output
D
Data flow diagramming is: a) The only process modeling currently used b) A detailed description of data c) Almost the same as a flow chart d) Focused on the processes or activities that are performed e) A visual version of a use case
D
Data that might be in data bases or tables that is accessed in DFD diagrams is called: a) Data base repository b) Data table c) Data flow d) Data store e) Data bank
D
On the context diagram, Tim has a process called "Start the Process". It has one output data flow 'Initial Data' and no input data flows. This is: a) Totally acceptable for a context diagram b) Incorrect for a context diagram, but acceptable on the Level 0 diagram c) Incorrect for both a context and Level 0 diagrams, but acceptable for a Level 1 diagram d) Incorrect for context, level 0, level 1, but acceptable for a level 2 diagram e) Incorrect in all situations
E
What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Gantt diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
E
What diagram will show all the major processes numbered 1, 2, 3, (etc.) external entities and major data stores? a) Context diagram b) Decision Tree c) Level 1 diagram d) Level 2 diagram e) Level 0 diagram
E
The level 0 diagram shows all the major processes (at the first level of numbering - like 1 through 4), the data stores, data flows, but does not show external entities.
False
With logical process modeling (using data flow diagrams), you can tell if the process is a manual one or a computerized one.
False
