Chapter 5 Business Ethics
______________ are central to an organization and provide directions for action.
Core values
_____ is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.
Corporate culture
_____ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
Ethical awareness
A study has found that those with an external locus of control were positively correlated with ethical decision making, whereas those with an internal locus of control were negatively correlated. True or False?
False
The ethical decision-making model will be able to tell you whether a decision is ethical or unethical. True or False?
False
The terms moral intensity and ethical issue intensity can be used interchangeably. True or False?
False
_____ is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.
Guilt
Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?
Ignoring the behavior
_____ involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.
Obedience to authority
External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?
Opportunity
Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?
Spouses
All of the following are true regarding institutions except
There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
High levels of _____ create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low.
competition
The _____ can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization.
corporate culture
Normative approaches focus on
how organizational decision makers should approach an issue.
The _____ includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.
immediate job context
Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on _____ is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture.
informal relationships
Employees who believe they control the events in their lives by their own effort and skill have a(n)
internal locus of control.
Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.
internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.
What is the last step in the ethical decision-making process?
Evaluation of whether the decision is an ethical issue.
All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except
?????
The relationship between business ethics and age
?????
_____ culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members, while _____ culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies, top management's leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical behavior.
Corporate, ethical
Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?
Educational attainment
The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is called
Equality principle
___________ reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors.
Ethical culture
_____ have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.
Good personal values
_____________ is/are important in establishing a foundation for normative values.
Institutions
_____ relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others.
Moral intensity
Normative business ethics takes into account the _____ realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry standards.
Political
Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?
Recognizing that an ethical issue exists.
Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?
Significant others
_____ institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit.
Social
For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?
This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.
When we discuss _____ approaches, we are talking about how organizational decision makers actually approach ethical issues.
descriptive
The _____ states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
difference principle
Familiarizing employees with company values and training them to recognize common ethical scenarios helps them generate
ethical awareness.
The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is
ethical issue intensity
People who believe in _____ go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.
external locus of control
Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions
is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
Philosopher John Rawls believed
justice principles were beliefs that everyone could accept.
Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to
obedience to authority.
According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n) _____ for unethical behavior.
opportunity
Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, _____ can alter this intent.
organizational or social forces
Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include
peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.
An ethical corporate culture needs _____ along with _____ to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees .
shared values; proper oversight
Studies have shown that _____ within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.
significant others
The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except
society's view of the decision.
Organizations that have ethics programs based on a _____ orientation are found to make a greater contribution than those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations.
values
Values have all the following characteristics except
widely accepted