Chapter 5 Head, Face, and Neck

Platysma

A: Assist to depress the mandible, tighten fascia of neck, draw down corner or mouth O: Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major I: Base or mandible, skin and lower part of face

Digastric

A: Depress mandible, elevate hyoid bone, retract mandible O: Mastoid process (deep to the sternocleidomastoid and splenius) I: Inferior border of the mandible

Infrahyoids

A: Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage O: Top of manubrium, thyroid cartilage, superior border of scapula I: Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage

Suprahyoids

A: Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible O :Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, underside of mandible, stylohyoid, styloid process I: Hyoid bone

Masseter

A: Elevate the mandible, assist to protract mandible (Primary Chewing and speaking muscles) O: Zygomatic arch I: Angle and ramus of mandible

Temporalis

A: Elevate the mandible, retract the mandible O: Temporal fossa and fascia I: Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the madible

Lateral Pterygoid

A: Laterally deviate the mandible to opposite side, protract the mandible O: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone, lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of shenoid bone I: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible

Medial Pterygoid

A: Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side, elevate and protract mandible O: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla I: Medial surface of ramus of the mandible

MIddle Scalene

A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae I: 1st rib

ANterior Scalene

A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae I: 1st rib

Posterior Scalene

A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae I: 2nd rib

Sternocleidomastoid

A: Laterally flex the head and neck to same side, rotate the head and neck to the opposite side, flex the neck, assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation O: Top of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of the superior nuchal line

Longus Colli

A: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the neck to the same side, flex the head and neck O: Bodies of C-5 to T-3, transverse processes of C-3 to C-5 I: Tuberacle on anterior arch of the atlas, bodies or axis, C-3 and C-4, transverse processes of C-5 and C-6

Longus Capitis

A: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the neck to the same side, flex the head and neck O: Transverse processes of C-3 to C-6 I: Inferior surface of occiput

Occipitofrontalis

A: Raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead, anchor and retract the galea posteriorly O: Galea aponeurotica I: Skin superior to eyebrows, superior nuchal line of the occiput

There are seven primary facial expressions:

Anger, Contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise

Vertebral Artery

Branch of the subclavian artery, and through suboccipital triangle, it supplies blood to brain and the Spinal Cord.

Nasalis

Constricts the nostril and draws down tip of the nose, flares nostrils during forced respiration (flare nose)

Which two muscles are responsible for the movement of the eyebrows and eyelids?

Corrugator Supercilii, and the Orbicularis Oculi

Depressor Labii Inferioris (DLI)

Depresses the corner of the mouth while protruding and drawing the lower lip laterally (essential for flossing lower teeth)

Zygomaticus Major

Draws corner of the mouth upward and laterally (shows upper teeth, smile) located between the corner of the mouth and the Apex of the cheek bone

Procerus

Draws down skin between eyebrows (concerned look) located between eyebrows

Corrugator Supercilii

Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly (anger face, "face or difficulty")

Levator Labii Superioris (LLS)

Elevate and protrude the upper lip (show your upper teeth) GRRRR!! located between the upper lip and the corner of the eye passing next to the Ala of the nose

Levator Anguli Oris (LAO)

Elevate the corner of the mouth giving the impression of self confidence (smirk)

Mentalis

Elevate the skin of the chin and protrude the lower lip (pout with lip curl) located center line of the chin

Zygomaticus Minor

Elevates and protrudes upper lip (deepen nasolabial furrow and puff out top of cheek) located between the corner of the mouth and the corner of the eyes

How many mimetic muscles form expressions around the mouth?

Eleven (Twelve including the LLSAN of the nose)

Orbicularis Oculi

Encircles eye and closes eyelid

Obicularis Oris

Encirlcles the mouth and closes the mouth (kisses)

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (LLSAN)

Flare nose and and elevate and protrude upper lip (scrunch nose expression of disgust) located along the side of the nose

The Thyroid Gland is situated on the anterior surface of the Trachea between which two structures?

Jugular Notch, and Cricoid Ring

Brachial Plexus

Large bundle of nerves that innervates the shoulder and upper extremity. Goes from transverse processes of C-5 to T-1, then squeezes between the anterior and middle scalenes, continues inferiorly and laterally, and ducts under the clavicle and into axillary region

Three muscles responsible for the movement of the nose:

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (LLSAN), Nasalis, Procerus

Auricularis Muscles

Located above the ear and can move the ear

Cervical Lymph Nodes

Located along the sides of the neck, Drain the structures of the head and neck

Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO)

Pulls the corner of the mouth inferiorly and laterally (Clown Smile) range from a pout to scowl, located at the center of the chin

Occipitofrontalis

Raises the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead

Risorius

Retracts the corner of the mouth laterally (fake smile) located between the corner of the mouth and the earlobes

The anterior scalene lies partially deep to the lateral edge of each muscle?

SCM

palpation of which structure can stimulate the production of saliva

Salivary (Parotid) gland

How many muscles control the movement of the eyeballs?

Six muscles

Superficial Temporal Artery

The artery is one of two terminal branches of the external carotid artery (other is maxillary); it appears on the side of the head in the temple region in front of the ears and along the Zygomatic Arch with the vein.

Buccinator

Tightens the corner of the lip and presses the cheek firmly against the teeth (Blow trumpet, suck straw)

The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through a small gap between which 2 muscles on the anterior, lateral neck?

anterior scalene, middle scalene

the pulse of which vessel can be felt medially to the sternocleidomastoid at the level of the hyoid bone, it is the primary supplier of blood to the head and neck

common carotid artery

Which muscle originates at the mastoid process, loops through a tendinous sling at the end of the hyoid bone and inserts to the inferior border of the mandible?

digastric

The 4 muscles that comprise the suprahyoids.

digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid

which of the following is an action of the masseter

elevate the mandible

To discern the posterior scalene from the levator scapula, what action could you ask your parter to perform that would contract the levator but the scalene?

elevate the scapula

position your finger at the base of the mandible along the anterior edge of the masseter to locate which structure

facial artery

during palpation of the zygomatic arch & masseter which structure should you be mindful of to avoid causing irritation, inflammation or even nausea

facial nerve

where can you best feel the pulse of the temporal artery

in front of the ear along the zygomatic arch

Passive elevation of the hyoid bone would _______ the infrahyoids.

lengthen

Passive flexion of the head and neck would ______ the SCM.

lengthen

Passive protraction of the mandible would ____ the digastric.

lengthen

Passive protraction of the mandible would ______ the temporalis.

lengthen

What 2 muscles attach from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae to the occiput and atlas?

longus capitis, longus colli

The ________ is the strongest muscle in the body relative to its size.

masseter

The galea aponeurotica forms the bridge between the 2 muscles bellies?

occipitalis, frontalis

Which muscle runs from the hyoid bone to the superior border of the scapula and is mostly inaccessible?

omohyoid

To access the insertion of the temporalis, you must ask your partner to perform what action?

open mouth to access coronoid process

Which muscles becomes visually distinct when your partner forms a Creature from the Black Lagoon expression?

platysma

Which scalene is difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?

posterior

What direction would you give your parter in order to locate the suprahyoids?

press the tip of the tounge firmly against the roof of the mouth

The frontalis is best seen and felt by asking your partner to do what action?

raise his eyebrows

To create and even more visible contraction of the sternocleidomastoid, ask your partner to flex her neck after making what adjustment?

rotate head slightly to opposite side

Which muscles are located between the SCM and the anterior flap of the trapezius?

scalenes

You might ask your partner to "breathe deeply into your upper chest" when palpating which muscle group?

scalenes

Passive depression of the mandible would ____ the suprahyoids.

shorten

Passive elevation of the mandible would ______ the masseter.

shorten

Passive flexion of the head and neck would ______ the anterior scalene.

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side would ______ the SCM and the scalenes.

shorten

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would ________ the scalenes.

shorten

Passively raising the eyebrows would _____ the frontalis fibers.

shorten

Tightening the fascia of the neck would _____ the platysma.

shorten

Uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate, A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

The broad origin of which muscle attaches at the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones?

temporalis

The 2 heads of the sternocleidomastoid originate at the ________ and the ________.

top of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle

which is the origin of the masseter

zygomatic arch