Chapter 5 - Molecules and Compounds
Name each compound: 1) CO 2) CaF2 3) HF (aq) 4) Fe(NO3)3 5) HClO4 (aq) 6) H2SO4 (aq)
1) CO - Two nonmetals - Molecular Compound - Carbon Monoxide 2) CaF2 - Metal and Nonmetal = Ionic Compound Calcium Fluoride 3) HF = Acid = Binary Acid Hydrofluoric Acid 4) Fe(NO3)3 = Metal and Polyatomic Ion (NO3 = Nitrate) Iron(III) Nitrate 5) HClO4 = Acid = Oxyacid (Oxyanion = CIO4 = Perchlorate) Perchloric Acid 6) H2SO4 = Acid = Oxyacid (Oxyanion = SO4 = Sulfate) Sulfurous Acid
What is the first step in naming a compound?
1) Decide whether the compound is ionic, molecular or an acid -------------- Ionic - Compounds have Metal and Nonmeta Molecular - Two or more nonmetals Acid - Presence of Hydrogen and one or more nonmetals
If a compound is a acid compound, what is the second step in naming the compound?
2) Decide if the acid is binary (two-element) acid or an oxyacid (an acid containing oxygen). 3) If the acid is an oxyacid, the oxyanion ends in -ite is different than -ate.
If a compound is an ionic compound, what is the second step in naming the compound?
2) Decide whether the metal forms only one type of ion or more than one type of ion. Group 1A, Group 2A and Aluminum always form only one type of ion. If the ionic compound contains a polyatomic ion, we insert the name of the polyatomic ion in place of the metal or nonmetal.
If a compound is a molecular compound, what is the second step in naming the compound?
2) Name according to the scheme - we only learned how to name binary molecular compounds.
What is a binary acid?
A binary acid is an acid containing only hydrogen and a nonmetal.
What is a binary compound?
A binary compound is a compound containing only two different kinds of elements.
What is a chemical formula?
A chemical formula is a way to represent a compound. At a minimum, the chemical formula indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each element. The ratio in a chemical formula is the ratio of atoms, not a ratio of masses.
What is a common name of a compound?
A common name of a compound is like a nickname for a compound. Common names can only be learned through familiarity. An example is water.
What is a formula unit?
A formula unit is the basic unit of ionic compounds; the smallest electrically neutral collection of cations and anions that compose the compound. Formula units are different from molecules in that they do not exist as discrete entities, but rather as part of a larger dimensional array.
What are molecular elements?
A molecular element is an element that does not normally exist in nature with single atoms as the basic unit. These elements usually exist as diatomic molecules - 2 atoms of that element bonded together - as their basic units. Examples include: H2, O2 and Cl2
What is a molecular chemical formula?
A molecular formula is a formula for a compound that gives the specific number of each type of atom in a molecule. It is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. The molecular formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 and its empirical formula is HO. The molecular formula is always a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula.
What is a molecular model?
A molecular model is a three-dimensional representation of molecules to represent compounds.
What is a polyatomic ion?
A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of a group of atoms with an overall charge. Some chemical formulas contain groups of atoms that act as a unit. When more than one group of the same kind are present, we set their formula off in parenthesis with a subscript to indicate the number of units of that group.
What is a structural chemical formula?
A structural formula is a two-dimensional representation of molecules that not only shows the number of and type of atoms, but also how many are bonded together. A structural formula uses lines to represent chemical bonds and shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected to each other. The structural formula for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is H-O-OH
Determine the number of each type of atom in Al2(SO4)3.
Al2(SO4)3 Al = 2 Al atoms S = 3 S atoms O = 12 O atoms
What are acids?
An acid is a molecular compound that dissolves in solution to form H+ ions. Acids have the ability to dissolve some metals and will turn litmus paper red. They are composed of hydrogen ad one or more nonmetals. Acids are characterized by their sour taste and their ability to dissolve some metals.
What are atomic elements?
An atomic element is an element that exists in nature with single atoms as the basic unit. Most elements fall into this category.
What is an empirical chemical formula?
An empirical formula is a formula for a compound that gives the smallest whole-number ratio of each type of atom. It is the simplest whole-number rations of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. The molecular formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 and its empirical formula is HO.
What is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is a compound formed between a metal and one or more nonmetals. Ionic compounds are composed of one or more cations paired with one or more anions. In most cases, cations are metals and anions are nonmetals.
What is an oxyacid?
An oxyacid is an acid containing hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen. Oxyacids are acids that contain oxyanions which are listed in the table of polyatomic ions.
What are oxyanions?
An oxyanion is an anion containing oxygen. Most polyatomic ions are oxyanions.
Explain why CaO is NOT named calcium(II) oxide.
Because calcium from only one type of ion (Ca^2+); therefore, the charge of the ion is not included in the name (it is not always the same , 2+)
How are binary ionic compounds named?
Binary ionic compounds have the following form: Name of the cation (metal) and base name of anion (nonmetal) + ide.
How are binary molecular compounds named?
Binary molecular compounds names have the following forms: Prefix + Name of 1st Element and Prefix + Base Name of 2nd Element + -ide. When writing the name of molecular compound, the first element is the more metal-like one.
What is the order of listing nonmetal elements in a chemical formula?
C, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F Elements on the left are generally listed first in a chemical formula.
Name HC2H3O2 (aq) C2H3O2 is a polyatomic ion called acetate
C2H3O2 = Acetate HC2H3O2 = Acetic Acid
What is the name of CO2?
CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
What is the prefix when 10 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Deca - 10 Atoms
Some metals can form ions of different charges in different compounds. Deduce the charge of the Cr ion in the compound Cr(NO3)3 a) 1+ b) 2+ c) 3+ d) 1-
Deduce the charge of the Cr ion in the compound Cr(NO3)3 c) 3+
What is the prefix when 2 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Di - Two Atoms
What is the equation of formula mass?
Formula Mass = (# of Atoms of 1st Element in Chemical Formula X Atomic Mass of 1st Element) + (# of Atoms of 2nd Element in Chemical Formula X Atomic Mass of 2nd Element) + .....
Calculate the formula mass of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4.
Formula Mass of CCl4 = (1 Atom X 12.011) + (4 Atoms X 35.453) = 153.823 amu
What is the formula mass of H2O?
Formula Mass of H2O = (2 Atoms X 1.0079) + (1 Atom X 15.999) = 18.0148 amu
Calculate the formula mass of dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, also called laughing gas.
Formula Mass of N2O = (2 Atoms X 14.007) + (1 Atom X 15.999) = 44.013 amu
What is the formula mass of NaCl?
Formula Mass of NaCl = (1 Atom X 22.990) + (1 Atom X 35.453) = 58.443 amu
What is formula mass?
Formula mass is the average mass of the molecules (or formula units) that compose a compound. Formula Mass = Sum of Atomic Masses of all of the atoms in a chemical formula
Give the name of H2S (aq)
H2S = Hydrosulfuric Acid
What is the name of HBr?
HBr = Hydrobromic Acid
What is the name of HCl?
HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
Name HF (aq)
HF = Hydrofluoric Acid
Name HI (aq).
HI = Hydroiodic Acid
What is the prefix when 7 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Hepta - 7 Atoms
What is the prefix when 6 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Hexa - 6 Atoms
What elements occur as diatomic molecules?
Hydrogen - H2 Nitrogen - N2 Oxygen - O2 Fluorine - F2 Chlorine - Cl2 Bromine - Br2 Iodine - I2
What is a ball and stick model?
In ball and stick models, atoms are represented as balls and chemical bonds as sticks.
What is a space filling model?
In space-filling models atoms fill the space between each other to more closely represent our best idea for how a molecule might appear if we could scale it to visible size.
What is general information for ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds: 1) Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions. 2) In the chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the positive ions (cations) must always cancel the sum of the charges of the negative ions (anions).
Determine the number of each type of atom in K2SO4.
K2SO4 K = 2 K atoms S = 1 S atom O = 4 O atoms
Could life exist with only 91 different elements?
Life could not exist with only 91 different elements if they did not combine to form compounds. It takes compounds in all their diversity to make living organisms.
A compound composed of two elements A and B has a ratio of Mass A/Mass B = 3.0. Decomposition of the compound produces 9.0 g of element A. What is the mass of element B.
Mass A/Mass B = 3.0 9.0 g/Mass B = 3.0 = Mass B = 9.0 g/ 3.0 g = 3.0 g 3.0 grams of element B
What is the mass ratio of Oxygen to Hydrogen if an 18.0 g same of water is decomposed. 16.0 g of Oxygen and 2.0 g of Hydrogen is created.
Mass Ratio = 16.0 g O/2.0 g H = 8.0 or 8:0:1
How many of each type of each atom is in the chemical formula Mg(NO3)2?
Mg(NO3)2 Mg - 1 Mg atoms N - 2 N atoms O - 6 O atoms
Determine the number of each type of atom in the Mg3(PO4)2.
Mg3(PO4)2 Mg = 3 Mg atoms P = 2 P atoms O = 8 O atoms
What is the prefix when 1 atom is present in a molecular element?
Mono - 1 Atom If there is only one atom of the first element in the formula, the prefix mono- is normally omitted.
What is the name of N2O?
N2O = Dinitrogen Monoxide
Name the compound. N2O4
N2O4 = Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Name HNO2 (aq) NO2 is a polyatomic ion called nitrite.
NO2 = Nitrite HNO2 = Nitrous Acid
What is the name of HNO3 NO3 is a polyatomic ion called Nitrate
NO3 = Nitrate HNO3 = Nitric Acid
Name the compound NH4NO3.
NO3 is a polyatomic ion named Nitrate NH4 is a polyatomic ion named Ammonium. The name of NH4NO3 is Ammonium Nitrate.
Name the compound Mn(NO3)2.
NO3 is a polyatomic ion named Nitrate. The name of Mn(NO3)2 is Manganese(II) Nitrate.
Name the compound KNO3.
NO3 is a polyatomic ion named nitrate. The name of KNO3 is Potassium Nitrate.
What is the prefix when 9 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Nona - 9 Atoms
Which substance has the greatest formula mass? a) O2 b) O3 c) H2O d) H2O2
O3 = 47.997 H2O2 = (2 X 1.0079) + (2 X 15.999) = 34.0138 b) O3
Name the compound Fe(OH)2.
OH is a polyatomic ion named hydroxide. Fe^2+ is named Iron(II) The name of Fe(OH)2 is Iron(II) hydroxide.
What is the prefix when 8 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Octa - 8 Atoms
How do you name oxyacids containing oxyanions ending with -ate?
Oxyacids containing oxyanions ending with -ate take the following form: Base name of oxyanion + -ic Acid
How do you name oxyacids containing oxyanions ending with -ite?
Oxyacids containing oxyanions ending with -ite take the following form: Base Name of Oxyanion + -ous Acid
What is the prefix when 5 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Penta - 5 Atoms
What is the name of H2SO3. SO3 is a polyatomic ion called Sulfite
SO3 = Sulfite H2SO3 = Sulfurous Acid
What is the prefix when 4 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Tetra - 4 Atoms
What is the Law of Constant Composition?
The Law of Constant Composition is a law stating that all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements.
What is the chemical formula for table sugar?
The chemical for table sugar is C12H22O11. 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen atoms
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms
What is the chemical formula for carbon monoxide?
The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is CO. 1 carbon atom and 1 oxygen atom
What is the chemical formula for table salt.
The chemical formula for table salt is NaCl. 1 sodium atom and 1 chlorine atom
What is the chemical formula for water?
The chemical formula for water is H2O. 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
What are the two types of ionic compounds?
The first type of an ionic compound is sometimes called Type I contains a metal with an invariant charge - one that does not vary from one compound to another. The second type of an ionic compound is sometimes called Type II contains a metal with a charge that can differ in different compounds. In other words, the metal in this second of ionic compound can form from more than one kind of cation.
What is the macroscopic world , the atomic and molecular world?
The macroscopic world is what we see. The atomic and molecular world are the particles that compose matter.
Can the molecular and empirical chemical formulas be the same?
The molecular and empirical chemical formula can be the same for many compounds. For example, the molecular and empirical formula for water is H2O.
What is a molecular compound?
The molecular compound is a compound formed from two or more nonmetals. Molecular compounds have distinct molecules as their simplest identifiable units. The basic units of molecular compounds are molecules of the constituent atoms.
We just saw that the anion is CIO3- is named chlorate. What is the name of the anion IO3-.
The name if IO3- is Iodate.
Name the compound KBr.
The name of KBr is Potassium Bromide.
Name the compound MgF2.
The name of MgF2 is Magnesium Fluoride.
What is the name of MgO?
The name of MgO is Magnesium Oxide.
What is the name of NaCl?
The name of NaCl is Sodium Chloride.
Name the compound Zn3N2
The name of Zn3N2 is Zinc Nitride.
How are binary acids named?
The names for binary acids have the following form: Hydro + Base name of nonmetal + -ic Acid
What are subscripts in chemical formula?
The subscripts in a chemical formula represent the relative numbers of each type of atom in a chemical compound; they never change for a given compound. The subscripts in a chemical formula are part of the compound's definition - if the subscripts change, the formula no longer specifies the same compound.
What are the three different types of chemical formulas?
The three different types of chemical formulas are empirical, molecular, ad structural.
What are the two types of compounds?
The two types of compounds are molecular and ionic.
What are the two types of elements?
The two types of elements are atomic and molecular.
Where are metals that can have different types of cations or charges usually found on the periodic table?
These types of metals are found (but not always) in the transition metals section of the periodic table.
What is a transition metal?
Transition metals are the elements in the middle of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the periodic table. Transition metals lose electrons in their chemical reactions, but do not necessarily acquire noble gas configurations.
What is the prefix when 3 atoms are present in a molecular element?
Tri - 3 Atoms
What are two different types of molecular models?
Two different types of molecular models are ball and stick and space filling.
What are two forms of acids?
Two forms of acids are binary acids and oxyacids.
What happens when combine to form new compounds?
When elements combine to form new compounds their properties completely change.
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms from aluminum and oxygen.
Write the symbol for the metal followed by its charge and the symbol for the nonmetal followed by its charge. The charges can be determined by their group in the periodic table. Al^3+; O^2- Use the magnitude of the charge of each ion as the subscript for the other ion. Al2O3
Which formula represents the greatest total number of atoms. a) Al(C2H3O2)3 b) Al2(Cr2O7)3 c) Pb(HSO4)4 d) Pb3(PO4)4 e) (NH4)3PO4
a) Al(C2H3O2)3 = 1 + 6 + 9 + 6 = 22 atoms b) Al2(Cr2O7)3 = 2 + 6 + 21 = 29 atoms c) Pb(HSO4)4 = 1 + 4 + 4 + 16 = 25 atoms d) Pb3(PO4)4 = 3 + 4 + 16 = 23 atoms e) (NH4)3PO4 = 3 + 12 + 1 + 4 = 20 atom b) Al2(Cr2O7)3 = 2 + 6 + 21 = 29 atoms
Name each ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion. a) Ba(NO3)2 b) Pb(C2H3O2)2 c) NH4I d) KCIO3 e) CoSO4 f) NaCIO4
a) Ba(NO3)2 - NO3 is a polyatomic ion called Nitrate. The name of Ba(NO3)2 is Barium Nitrate. b) Pb(C2H3O2)2 - C2H3O2 is a polyatomic ion called acetate. The name of Pb(C2H3O2)2 is Lead(II) Acetate. c) NH4I - NH4 is a polyatomic ion called Ammonium. The name of NH4I is Ammonium Iodide. d) KCIO3 - CIO3 is a polyatomic ion called Chlorate. The name of KCIO3 is Potassium Chlorate. e)CoSO4 - SO4 is a polyatomic ion called sulfate. The name of CoSO4 is Colbalt(II) Sulfate. f) NaCIO4 - CIO4 is a polyatomic ion called Perchlorate. The name of NaCIO4 is Sodium Perchlorate.
Name each compound. a) CCl4 b) BCl3 c) SF6
a) CCl4 = Carbon Tetrachloride b) BCl3 = Boron Trichloride c) SF6 = Sulfur Hexafluoride
Classify each compound as ionic or molecular. a) CS2 b) CuO c) KI d) PCl3
a) CS2 - molecular - two nonmetals b) CuO - ionic - one metal and one nonmetal c) KI - ionic - one metal and one nonmetal d) PCl3 - molecular - two nonmetals
Classify each element as atomic or molecular. a) Chlorine b) Argon c) Cobalt d) Hydrogen
a) Chlorine - molecular element It is listed as a diatomic molecule; therefore it is a molecular element b) Argon - Atomic Element It is an element that is not listed as diatomic molecule, therefore it is an atomic element c) Cobalt - Atomic Element It is an element that is not listed as diatomic molecule, therefore it is an atomic element d) Hydrogen - molecular element It is listed as a diatomic molecule; therefore it is a molecular element
Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound or ionic compound. a) Chlorine b) NO c) Au d) Na2O e) CrCl3
a) Chlorine - molecular element It is listed as a diatomic molecule; therefore it is a molecular element b) NO - Molecular compounds Composed of two nonmetals c) Au - Atomic Element It is an element that is not listed as diatomic molecule, therefore it is an atomic element d) Na2O - Ionic Compound Composed of a metal and a nonmetal e) CrCl3 - Ionic Compound Composed of a metal and a nonmetal
Name each ionic compound. In each of these compounds the metal forms only one type of ion. a) CsCl b) SrBr2 c) K2O d) LiF
a) CsCl - The name is Caesium Chloride. b) SrBr2 - The name is Strontium Bromide. c) K2O - The name is Potassium Oxide. d) LiF - The name is Lithium Fluoride.
How many oxygen atoms are in each chemical formula? a) H3PO4 b) Na3HPO4 c) Ca(HCO3)2 d) Ba(C2H3O2)2
a) H3PO4 = 4 O atoms b) Na3HPO4 = 4 O atoms c) Ca(HCO3)2 = 6 O atoms d) Ba(C2H3O2)2 = 4 O atoms
Calculate the formula mass for each compound. a) HNO3 b) CaBr2 c) CCl4 d) Sr(NO3)2
a) HNO3 = (1 X 1.0079) + (1 X 14.007) + (3 X 15.999) = 63.0119 amu b) CaBr2 = (1 X 40.078) + (2 X 79.904) = 199.886 amu c) CCl4 = (1 X 12.011) + (4 X 35.453) = 153.823 amu d) Sr(NO3)2 (1 X 87.62) + (2 X 14.007) + (6 X 15.999) = 211.628 amu
Classify each substance as an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound or ionic compound. a) Krypton b) CoCl2 c) Nitrogen d) SO2 e) NKNO3
a) Krypton - atomic element It is an element that is not listed as diatomic molecule, therefore it is an atomic element b) CoCl2 - ionic compound Compose of a metal and nonmetal c) Nitrogen - molecular element It is listed as a diatomic molecule; therefore it is a molecular element d) SO2 - molecular compound It is composed of two nonmetals e) NKNO3 - ionic compound It is composed of a metal and two nonmetals
Write formulas for the compounds formed from the element on the left and each of the elements on the right. a) Li N, O, F b) Ba N, O, F c) Al N, O, F
a) Li N, O, F Li^1+; N^3-, O^2-, F-1 Li3N; Li2O; LiF b) Ba N, O, F Ba^2+; N^3-, O^2-, F-1 Ba3N2; Ba2O2 = BaO; BaF2 c) Al N, O, F Al^3+; N^3-, O^2-, F-1 Al3N3 = AlN; Al2O3; AlF3
Name the following Oxyacids. a) NHO2 c) N2SO4 d) HNO3
a) NHO2; NO2 = Nitrite = Nitrous Acid c) N2SO4; SO4 = Sulfate = Sulfuric Acid d) HNO3 = NO3 = Nitrate = Nitric Acid
Name each molecular compound. a) SO2 b) NI3 c) BrF5 d) NO d) N4Se4
a) SO2 = Sulfur Dioxide b) NI3 = Nitrogen Triiodide c) BrF5 = Bromine Pentafluoride d) NO = Nitrogen Monoxide d) N4Se4 = Tetranitrogen Tetraselenide
Write a formula for the compound that forms from potassium and ... a) acetate b) chromate c) phosphate d) cyanide
a) potassium and acetate K^1+ and (C2H3O2)^-1 = KC2H3O2 b) potassium and chromate K^1+ and (CrO4)^2- = K2CrO4 c) potassium and phosphate K^1+ and (PO4)^3- = K3PO4 d) potassium and cyanide K^1+ and CN^-1 = KCN
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms from each pair of elements. a) sodium and sulfur b) strontium and oxygen c) aluminum and sulfur d) magnesium and chlorine
a) sodium and sulfur Na^+1 and S^2- = Na2S b) strontium and oxygen Sr^2+ and O^-2 = Sr2O2 = SrO c) aluminum and sulfur Al^3+ and S^-2 = Al2S3 d) magnesium and chlorine Mg^+2 and Cl^-1 = MgCl2
List some examples of metals with invariant charges or charges that do not vary from one compound to another.
(The majority of Group 1A - Li - Cs) Metal - Li - Ion - Li+ - Name - Lithium - Group - 1A Metal - Na - Ion - Na+ - Name - Sodium - Group - 1A Metal - K - Ion - K+ - Name - Potassium - Group - 1A Metal - Rb - Ion - Rb+ - Name - Rubidium - Group - 1A Metal - Cs - Ion - Cs+ - Name - Cesium - Group - 1A (The majority of Group 2A - Mg - Ba) Metal - Mg - Ion - Mg^2+ - Name - Magnesium - Group - 2A Metal - Ca - Ion - Ca^2+ - Name - Calcium - Group - 2A Metal - Sr - Ion - Sr^2+ - Strontium - Group - 2A Metal - Ba - Ion - Ba^2+ - Barium - Group - 2A Metal- Al - Ion - Al^3+ - Aluminum - Group 3A Metal - Zn - Ion - Zn^2+ - Name - Zinc - Unknown group Metal Ag - Ion - Ag+ - Name - Silver - Unknown group
Write the chemical formula for each compound. a) the compound containing two aluminum atoms and three oxygen atoms. b) the compound containing three oxygen atoms to every sulfur atom. c) the compound containing four chlorine atoms to every carbon atom.
a) the compound containing two aluminum atoms and three oxygen atoms. - Al2O3 b) the compound containing three oxygen atoms to every sulfur atom. - SO3 c) the compound containing four chlorine atoms to every carbon atom. - CCl4
Write a chemical formula for each compound. a) the compound containing two sliver atoms to every sulfur atom. b) the compound containing two nitrogen atoms to every oxygen atom. c) the compound containing two oxygen atoms to every titanium atom.
a) the compound containing two sliver atoms to every sulfur atom. - Ag2S b) the compound containing two nitrogen atoms to every oxygen atom. - N2O c) the compound containing two oxygen atoms to every titanium atom. - TiO2
Write a chemical formula for the compounds containing: a) three iron atoms for every four oxygen atoms. b) one phosphorus atom for every three chlorine atoms c) one phosphorus atom for every five chlorine atoms d) two silver atoms for every oxygen atom
a) three iron atoms for every four oxygen atoms. Fe3O4 b) one phosphorus atom for every three chlorine atoms PCl3 c) one phosphorus atom for every five chlorine atoms PCl5 d) two silver atoms for every oxygen atom Ag2O
Write a formula for the compound that forms from aluminum and nitrogen.
aluminum and nitrogen Al^3+ and N^-3 Al3N3 Reduce subscripts by dividing both by three AlN
Write a formula for the compound that forms between aluminum and phosphate ions.
aluminum and phosphate ions Al^3+ and (PO4)^-3 Al3(PO4)3 = AlPO4
Write the formula for the compound that forms from calcium and nitrate ions.
calcium and nitrate ions Ca^2+ and (NO3^-)^1- Ca(NO3)2
Write a formula for the ionic compound that forms from magnesium and oxygen.
magnesium and oxygen Mg^2+ and O^-2 Mg2O2 Reduce the subscripts by dividing both by two. MgO
Write a chemical formula for the compound containing one nitrogen for every three iodine atoms.
one nitrogen for every three iodine atoms. NI3
Write the formula for the compound that forms between sodium and sulfite ions.
sodium and sulfite ions Na^1+ and (SO3)^-2 Na2SO3
Write the formula for the compounds that forms from strontium and chlorine.
strontium and chlorine Sr^+2 and Cl^-1 SrCl2.
Name the compound K2CrO4.
CrO4 is a polyatomic ion named Chromate. The name of K2CrO4 is Potassium Chromate.
Two samples of carbon monoxide, obtained from different sources, are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample produces 4.3 g of oxygen and 3.2 g of carbon, and the other sample produces 7.5 g of oxygen and 5.6 g of carbon. Are these results consistent with the law of constant composition?
Calculate the mass ratio by dividing the larger mass by the smaller mass. Given: 4.3 g O and 3.2 g C; 7.5 g O and 5.6 g C Mass Ratio = 4.3 g/3.2 g = 1.3 Mass Ratio = 7.5 g/5.6 g = 1.3 The ratios are the same for each sample, therefore these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
Two sample of sodium chloride are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample produces 4.65 g of sodium and 7.16 g of chlorine, and the other sample produces 7.45 g of sodium and 11.5 g of chlorine. Are these results consistent with the law of constant composition?
Calculate the mass ratio by dividing the larger mass by the smaller mass. Given: 4.65 g Na and 7.16 g Cl; 7.45 g Na and 11.5 g Cl Mass Ratio = 7.16 g/4.65 g = 1.54 Mass Ratio = 11.5 g/7.45 g = 1.54 The ratios are the same for each sample, therefore these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
Two samples of carbon dioxide, obtained from different source, are composed into their constituent elements. One sample produces 4.8 g of oxygen and 1.8 g of carbon, and the other sample produces 17.1 g of oxygen and 6.4 g of carbon. Show that these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
Calculate the mass ratio by dividing the larger mass by the smaller mass. Given: 4.8 g O and .1.8 g carbon; 17.1 g O and 6.4 g carbon Mass Ratio = 4.8 g/1.8 g = 2.67 Mass Ration = 17.1 g/6.4 g = 2.67 The ratios are the same for each sample, therefore these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
What is listed first in a chemical formula?
Chemical formulas normally list the most metallic element first.
