Chapter 5 Notes

List the order of deeper to superficial the five layers of the epidermis.

1. Stratum germinativum or Basale 2.Stratum spinosum 3.Stratum granulosum 4.Stratum lucidum 5.Stratum corneum

Normal scalp loses 1-5 hairs per day.

False

Sweat is 99% made of salt and 1% of water.

False

The thickness of the integumentary system ranges between 1.5 and 4 inches.

False

True

Integumentary system is the body's largest organ.

Keratinocytes start producing __________, which makes our skin tough and water resistant, and __________, which promotes the dehydration of skin cells.

Keratin, Keratohyalin

Holocrine, Apocrine and Merocrine

List the three ways an integumentary gland can secrete its product.

Sebaceous and sudoriferous

List the two types if integumentary glands.

Nail root

Nail production occurs at the __________

Free nail edge or margin

Name the anterior margin of the nail plate that extends beyond the digit.

Melanocytes

Name the cell that gives us color

Epidermal dendritic cells known as Langerhans cells

Name the cell that helps with our immune response

Keratinocytes

Name the most abundant cell in the epidermis.

A soft medulla (central portion), a hard cortex, and a cuticle

Name the three inner components of the hair shaft.

Papillary, reticular

Name the two layers that comprise the dermis.

The hair, nails, the Multicellular Exocrine glands

Name three accessory structures that are part of the integumentary system.

This layer is water resistant and contains 20-30 layers of dead keratinized cells.

Stratum Corneum

Keratinocytes start producing keratin and keratohyalin here. By the time keratinocytes cells reach this layer, most would have stopped dividing.

Stratum Granulosum

This glassy layer is present only in thick skin (palms and soles).

Stratum Lucidum

This layer contains epidermal dendritic cells, also known as Langerhans cells

Stratum Spinosum

This layer contains keratinocytes undergoing mitosis. Melanocytes and Merkel cells are found in this layer.

Stratum germinativum or basale

Nail matrix

The __________consist of a rapidly dividing cellular layer.

Arrector Pili

The __________is a small muscle that attaches to the hair follicle and moves the hair perpendicular.

Shaft

The __________is the part of the hair that protrudes from the epidermis.

Hair bulb, hair papilla

The deepest portion of the hair follicle is made of __________, the inner portion of this structure encompasses the __________.

True

The epidermis is rich in blood vessels and nerves.

A. Adipose tissue

The hypodermis, because of its large amount of __________ acts as an energy reservoir and thermal insulation.

Epidermis, dermis

The integumentary system is made of what two layers?

Root and shaft

The length of the hair proper can be divided into what two components? (Tip: above and below the epidermis)

Hair matrix

The papilla's surrounding layer is composed of the __________.

Dermis

The reticular layer within our __________, contains a network of collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers

False

Thick skin is made of four layers and thin skin is made of three layers.

Sweat has a pH of 4-6.8.

True

Lunula

What is name of the crescent-shaped whitish area of the plate of a fingernail?

The Nail body or plate

What portion of the nail is the visible portion that covers the epidermis or nail bed?

Fat cells

What type of cells make up close to 50% of the hypodermis?

Merocrine or eccrine cells are typical sweat glands found in the palm of hands.

true

Sweat has a pH of 4-6.8.

true