Chapter 5: Principles of Design
Variety adds what aspects to an image?
- Difference - Interest
How did Childe Hassam create unity in A Northeast Headland?
By using blues and grays
Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.
visual
Which statement accurately describes balance in a composition?
A composition is balanced when it looks visually balanced.
In Gustav Klimt's painting Death and Life, which general principle of visual balance applies?
A smaller dark form can balance a larger light form.
What do trained artists generally do to create a composition?
Combine experience with an understanding of the elements and principles of design
Enrique Chagoya's Elevation of the Spirits uses conceptual unity to critique what areas?
Cultural influences Artist's heritage Colonialism
By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?
Emphasis on the young boy and older man Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher
Ansel Adams had what goal in mind with his photographs?
Encourage conservation of Yosemite and other sites
Using the central axis determines if a piece is asymmetrically balanced.
False
When choosing his landscapes what did Ansel Adams attempt to do with his photographs?
Focus on the subject
How does James Abbott McNeill Whistler keeps the rhythm from appearing lifeless in Billingsgate?
He varies the angles the masts lay.
In Francisco de Goya's painting Executions of the Third of May, 1808, how is emphasis on the main figure created?
Implied light and directional line
On this painted cloth titled Thirteen-Deity Jnanadakini Mandala, what does the symmetrical balance of the mandala communicate?
It represents the cosmic order and logic of life for Tibetan Buddhists.
Who used the golden section?
Renaissance architects and artists
How can the principle of rhythm be identified?
Repetition of elements in a composition
What approaches does Annette Messager use to aid the viewer in understanding Mes Voeux?
Repetition of text Repetition of shapes Various body parts
Which principle applies when elements create a pattern in a work of art?
Rhythm
The artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen are known for their huge sculptures which play with what concept?
Scale
If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?
Symmetrical balance
What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?
The ancient idea of perfect human proportions
In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?
The larger figure is the king and placed higher. The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants. The smaller figures at the king's attendants.
How does The Tabernacle Polyptych with Madonna and Child exhibit symmetrical balance?
The panels on either side balance visually. The orb balances against the child that sits off center.
Which descriptions are examples of rhythm?
The same shape painted alternating colors across a line. Two shapes painted the same color in an organized way.
In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?
The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves. Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. The reflection of the wave is shown in the water.
How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?
The visual weight on each side is similar.
In what ways does Edouard Manet use balance in his piece A Bar at the Folies-Bergère?
To direct the viewer with a visual guide To make the viewer an active participant
Why would an artist subordinate some parts of a composition?
To draw attention to the areas of emphasis
Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?
To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy To emphasize figures against the background
In Georges de la Tour's painting The Magdalen with Smoking Flame, why does the artist subordinate the symbolic objects?
To place emphasis on the figure of Mary's upper torso To allow for thoughtful examination of the symbolic objects
Why is the principle of variety used?
To provide interest in the image
Abbott McNiell Whistler uses rhythm in his etching Billingsgate for what purpose?
To unify the various elements
True or false: Haruko Kojin's Reflectwo creates symmetrical balance through the use of floating fabric flower petals.
True
What are the principles of design?
Unity and variety Balance Proportion and scale
What does the repetition of certain elements in a work of art provide?
Unity within the design
What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?
Visual weight
Which characteristics are needed to create unity and variety?
Wholeness Diversity Interest
How does Henri Toulouse-Lautrec use variety in Divan Japonais?
With various colors
When visual weight is equally distributed in a composition, the composition looks ______.
balanced
When an artist chooses an area of a composition to highlight or draw attention to, this is called ______.
emphasis
Size relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a unit, is known as ______.
proportion
An artwork that is unified through ideas is called ______ unity.
conceptual
The top example in this illustration shows which principle of asymmetrical or informal balance?
A large form is visually heavier than a smaller form.