Chapter 5

Historically speaking, an early form of American law enforcement in which volunteers were organized into groups that patrolled their community from dusk to dawn to keep the peace was referred to as what?

Night watch system

A period of time at the beginning of a police officer's career during which they may be fired without cause is called what?

Probationary period

Women in law enforcement face a problem that stems from the belief that they have been hired or promoted to fulfill diversity requirements and have not earned their positions, which creates pressure to prove the stereotype wrong. What is this called

Tokenism

The federal agency responsible for protecting U.S. borders and facilitating legal trade and travel across those borders is called what?

U.S Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

The practice of illegally transporting a person from one country to another for the purpose of forced labor or sexual exploitation is called what?

Human trafficking

Training that takes place outside the confines of the police academy, in which a recruit is paired with an experienced police officer, with the intent of helping rookies apply the concepts they have learned in the academy is known as what?

Field training

The selection process for becoming a police officer involves a number of steps, and each police department has a different method of choosing candidates. Most agencies, however, require at a minimum which of the following of a police officer?

- Are at least 21 years of age - Have not been convicted of a felony - Have or be eligible to have a driver's license in the state where the department is located - Pass a background check

What are the typical duties of a coroner or medical examiner?

- Determine the cause of death - Investigate all sudden, unexplained, unnatural, or suspicious deaths reported - Perform autopsies

Which of the following are common responsibilities of sheriffs' departments when they coexist with police departments?

- Enforcement orders of the court - Maintain the county courthouse - Serving eviction notices - Serving court summonses - Carrying out civil and criminal processes within county lines

Which of the following are trainings that are typically provided and must be successfully completed before a police officer works on their own?

- Field training - Police academy

Which of the following would be areas of instruction that cadets would receive in a police academy?

- How and when to use weapons - How to secure crime scenes - Laws of arrest - First aid - Interview and interrogation techniques - Laws of search and seizure

Which of the following situations are true of double marginality as it relates to women in police agencies?

- Officers of color face hostility from members of their own community who are under the impression that black and latino officers are traitors to their race or ethnicity - White officers believe that officers of color will give members of their own race or ethnicity better treatment on the streets.

Around 1929, the Wickersham Commission focused on which of the following areas of American policing that were in need of reform?

- Police brutality - "The corrupting influence of politics"

Which of the following improvements were made in law enforcement as a result of the Wickersham Commission's recommendations?

- Salaries improved - Minorities were given opportunities - Working conditions improved - Women were given opportunities

Which of the following are identified in the text as basic responsibilities of the police?

- To prevent crime - To preserve the peace - To provide service - To enforce laws

Which of the following are federal law enforcement entities?

- U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) - U.S. Secret Service - Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

A hiring or promotional policy that favors individuals in groups, such as women, black people, and Latinos, who have suffered from discrimination in the past or continue to suffer from discrimination is called what?

Affirmative action

Which of the following is the policing strategy from the 1980s to the 1990s that is based on the notion that meaningful interaction between officers and citizens will lead to a partnership in preventing and fighting crime?

Community policing

Which of the following agencies is mainly responsible for all financial matters of the federal government, including paying all the federal government bills, borrowing funds, collecting taxes, minting coins, and printing paper currency?

Department of the Treasury

The illegal use of characteristics such as gender or race by employers when making hiring or promotional decisions is known as what?

Discrimination

An approach to policing that measures the risk of criminal behavior associated with certain individuals or locations so as to predict when and where such criminal behavior is most likely to occur in the future is called what?

Intelligence-led policing

Where did British home secretary Sir Robert "Bobbie" Peel organize law enforcement by pushing through the Metropolitan Police Act?

London

A form of corruption in which the political party in power hires and promotes police officers and receives job-related "favors" in return was known as what?

Patronage system

If police officers respond to loud music and unruly people at a late-night party and they disperse the partygoers and have the resident turn off the music, this would be an example of which law enforcement responsibility?

Perserving the peace

A repeated pattern of unwelcome sexual advances and/or obscene remarks is called what?

Sexual harassment