Chapter 5 Unit 5 Windows 10

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Term: standard user account

A type of user account that does not have privileges to modify settings for other users. This type of account is a member of the Users local group.

local user account

A user account that is defined in the SAM database of a Windows 10 computer. Local user accounts are valid only for the local computer.

user profile

A collection of desktop and environment configurations for a specific user or group of users. By default, each user has a separate profile stored in C:\Users.

Term: folder redirection

A feature that redirects profile folders from the local computer to a network location.

User Accounts applet

A legacy interface for user management in Control Panel.

peer-to-peer network

A network where all computers store their own security information and share data.

domain-based network

A network where security information is stored centrally in Active Directory.

domain-based networks

A network where security information is stored centrally in Active Directory.

Term: Fast user switching

Allows multiple users to have applications running at the same time. However, only one user can be using the console at a time.

Microsoft account

An account that is stored online by Microsoft. You can use it to authenticate to multiple Microsoft cloud services and Windows 10.

Term: PIN authentication

An authentication method where you enter a device-specific PIN rather than a user name and password.

picture password authentication

An authentication method where you trace gestures on a picture.

Term: Biometric authentication

Authentication that is based on physical characteristics of the user, such as a fingerprint or facial recognition.

cached credentials

Credentials that are stored in Windows 10 after a user has signed in to a domain or Microsoft account. Cached credentials can be used to sign in when a domain controller cannot be contacted or when there is no network connectivity.

Guest account

Definition: A built-in Windows 10 account with minimal privileges intended to give very limited access to Windows 10. This account is disabled by default.

Term: trusted platform module (TPM)

Definition: A chip on the motherboard of a computer that is designed to securely store encryption keys and certificates.

Term: Microsoft Passport

Definition: A multifactor authentication system in Windows 10 that enhances security by avoiding the use of a user name and password. Biometric authentication on the client allows access to the remote system.

Term: smart card

Definition: A physical card containing a certificate that can be used as an authentication method.

mandatory profile

Definition: A profile that cannot be changed by users. Ntuser.dat is renamed to Ntuser.man.

Term: public profile

Definition: A profile that is merged with all other user profiles. The public profile does not contain an Ntuser.dat file.

Term: Assigned access

Definition: A sign-in option that you can configure for a single local user account that restricts the user to using only an assigned Windows Store app; often used to configure Windows 10 as a kiosk.

roaming profile

Definition: A user profile that is stored in a network location and is accessible from multiple computers. Roaming profiles move with users from computer to computer.

security identifier (SID)

Definition: A user- or group-specific number that is added to the access control list of a resource when a user or group is assigned access.

Term: Secure sign-in

Definition: Adds the requirement to press Ctrl+Alt+Delete before signing in.

Local Users and Groups MMC snap-in

Definition: An MMC snap-in that is used to manage users and groups.

Term: virtual smart card

Definition: An authentication method similar to a smart card, but the certificate is stored in a TPM on the motherboard rather than on a physical card.

pass-through authentication

Definition: Automatic authentication to a remote resource when the local computer passes the local credentials to the remote computer.

Term: Windows Hello

Definition: Biometric authentication functionality in Windows 10. At release, Windows Hello supports fingerprints, facial recognition, and iris scanning.

Term: Administrator account

Definition: The built-in Windows 10 account that is created during installation and has full rights to the system. This account cannot be deleted or locked out.

built-in local groups

Groups that are automatically created for each Windows 10 computer and stored in the SAM database.

user account

Required account used for authentication to prove the identity of a person signing into Windows 10.

Term: initial account

The account with administrative privileges created during the installation of Windows 10.

Term: Security Accounts Manager (SAM) database

The database used by Windows 10 to store local user and group information.

Term: Ntuser.dat

The file containing user-specific registry entries in a user profile.

Term: default profile

The profile that is copied when new user profiles are created.


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