Chapter 5.1 IP Configuration

Possible host addresses are always?

#1-254

When a host that's configured to use DHCP is booted up, it sends out 3 things.

1. DHCP discover broadcast is sent to every host on the network and the host that responds to it, is the DHCP server. 3. An IP address offer is sent back into the DHCP offer 4. DHCP request accepts the offer and requests the address 5. DHCP Acknowledgement = Assigns the host with configurations.

When should you use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)?

1. For workstations, you should consider assigning IP addresses dynamically 2. When needing to change your DNS server address, you make the change on your DHCP server

What does the DHCP Scope contain?

1. Range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can give out. 2. Appropriate subnet mask 3. Address of the DNS server 4. Address of the gateway = interface into the router

What are 2 ways to assign IP addresses to IP hosts?

1. Static/manual IP address assignment 2. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) or Dynamic assignment

How do routers identify networks?

1. The beginning network address in the range 2. The number of bits used in the subnet mask

What is a non-default subnet mask?

A VLSM

What is the process used to determine the network address/ID?

ANDing

What address is an address that is sent to all hosts?

Broadcast address

What addresses is the last possible address on a subnet?

Broadcast address

What are IP addresses that use a default subnet mask?

Classful IP addresses

What address relies on the IP address class to identify the subnet mask?

Classful addresses

What is a set of internet protocol standards used to create unique identifiers for networks and host devices?

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

What modifies the length of the subnet mask, using a custom mask value instead of the default subnet mask?

Classless addressing

Which of the following terms are often synonymous with or made possible with CIDR?

Classless, VLSM

What address is used to contact a DNS server and find the IP address of hosts using names such as www.google.com?

DNS server address

Describe the Class A default subnet mask.

First octet is used for network identification & Last three octets are used for host. (Class A: 255.0.0.0)

Describe the Class C default subnet mask.

First three octets are used for network identification & Last one octet is used for host identification (Class C: 255.255.255.0)

Describe the Class B default subnet mask.

First two octets are used for network identification & Last two octets are used for host identification. (Class B: 255.255.0.0)

What is only used to identify hosts using logical names; it is not used by the device itself?

Host names

What is a nonprofit private American corporation that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System, media types, and other internet protocol-related symbols and internet numbers?

IANA (The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

What specifies how long a host may use the IP address after which time it has either has to be released or renewed?

IP address lease

What has four number separated by dots & each number can range b/w 0-255 (in decimal version) b/c the address is a binary number which has 4 octets?

IP addresses

You recently created a new network segment for Development. Because the hosts are now on a different network segment, they can no longer contact DHCP server. Both network segments are connected wia a Cisco router. Which of the following would be the best action to take in order to fix the problem?

Implement an IP Helper address on the router

What address identifies a group of computers?

Multicast address

What is a 32-bit number that identifies network an IPv4 address belongs to?

Network ID

Do we assign the Network ID to anything?

No, it is just a network identifier.

You have a workstation connected to a small branch network using a single switch. The network does not have any routers and is not connected to the internet. What are the minimum configuration parameters required on the workstation to be able to communicate with all hosts on the network?

On a single switch/subnet, you will only need to configure an IP address & a subnet mask. If the network was connected to another switch/subnet or the internet, you would only use a default gateway.

Where is the DNS server address located?

On the address that is assigned to the DNS

Where is the default gateway address located?

On the address that is assigned to the router interface

Which IP address can we reuse as much as we want inside of our LANs?

Private IP address

Global IP address, autonomous system number, & domain name system are all considered as?

Public IP addresses

What are internet relatable IP addresses?

Public IP addresses

What address is registered for use on the internet?

Public address

What does a DHCP server do?

Receives the message & uses its scope information to identify an available IP address that can be assigned.

What is a 32-bit number that defines which portion of an IPv4 address identifies the network address and which portion of the address defines the host address?

Subnet Mask

What always has the most significant bits which means it is always 255?

Subnet mask

What is going to say which portion of an IP address is the network identifying portion?

Subnet mask

What allows you to have several smaller networks while using only one network address?

Subnets

What is divides an IP network address into multiple network addresses?

Subnets

What is the process of dividing a large network into smaller networks?

Subnetting

What does "/8, /16, /24" represent?

Supernetting

What is the process of combining two or more networks?

Supernetting

What is the process of taking two networks & combining to make them larger networks?

Supernetting

What identifies the router address used to reach remote networks?

The default gateway

What are the 4 parameters are required on the workstation to access a remote network (To browse the internet to connect to websites)?

The workstation must be configured with: 1. IP address 2. Subnet mask 3. one or more DNS server addresses 4. Default gateway address

How do you get a host name translated into an IP address?

Using DNS

What is the concept that we vary the number of IP addresses that we want inside of that network that is connected to routers b/c we may add routers? (we want it to be small but want some variation bc we may add routers)

Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

What is the method used to divide an IP address into subnets of different sizes?

Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)

What happens when we use the static IP address assignment? and when do we use it?

We are going to go each individual node and give an: 1. IP Address 2. Subnet mask 3. Default gateway 4. DNS server We only use this assignment on smaller networks less than 10 hosts on the network.

What allows hosts in a different network segment to contact the DHCP server?

When an IP helper address is implemented on the router

What is a DHCP scope?

You configure the DHCP service with the IP address information that will give out to your network hosts.

The DHCP Acknowledgment assigns the host what 4 configurations?

a. An IP address b. A subnet mask c. A gateway router address d. DNS server address