Chapter 6

an important influence on the diagnostic trends in dissociative identity disorder was____.

the publication of influential papers describing person with DID

Generalized retrograde amnesias for people's entire pasts and identities appear to be ____.

Very rare

Which of the following are traumas experienced by people diagnosed with dissociative identity disorders?

War Kidnapping Natural Disasters

In dissociative identity disorder, a type of alter is the child alter, ___

Who is a child who never ages with the individual

People with illness anxiety disorder_____

Worry that they will develop or have serious illness

In treating conversion disorder, behavioral therapists attempt to help their clients focus on relieving their ____ around the initial trauma and on reducing any ___ the clients are receiving from the conversion symptoms.

anxiety, benefits

People with dissociative amnesia

are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives

Neurological modellen of conversion disorder suggest that conversion symptoms ____.

arise when sensory and motor areas of the brain are impaired by anxiety

Dissociative disorder may be part of the ____ syndrome.

ataque de nervios

Conversion symptoms may result from spontaneous ____- ____.

self-hypnosis

People with conversion disorder are difficult to treat because_____.

they do not think there is anything wrong with them psycologically

One particularly dramatic conversion symptom is ___, in which where the person loses all feeling in one hand.

glove anethesia

Prevalence estimates of dissociative identity disorder are around ____.

1-6 percent

Evidence of the reluctance of professionals to diagnose dissociative identity disorder is that _____

Most people diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder have previously been diagnosed with at least three other disorders

Somatic Symptom disorder involves______.

Multiple and recurrent bodily symptoms

Factitious disorders are also referred to as

Munchhausen's syndrome

Which of the following problems are exhibited by children with dissociative identity disorder?

Alcohol abuse at an early age Prone to antisocial behavior Erratic school performances

Which of the following are criteria for functional neurological symptom disorder.

At least one of the symptoms affects voluntary or sensory function with or without impairment of consciousness Deficit is not better explained by another recognized medical or DSM Disorder Deficit is associated with clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Which of the following symptoms are associated with dissociative amnesia ?

Cannot remember important facts about their lives Cannot Remember their personal identities Are typically aware that there are large gaps in their memory of themselves

Research indicated that dissociative experiences are commonly reported by survivors of ____.

Childhood sexual abuse

A factor that is often associated with the development of dissociative identity disorder is

Childhood trama

Controversy over the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia increased in response to _____.

Claims that some survivors of childhood sexual abuse repressed their memories of the abuse for years.

Matthew, A maintenance man for the local school, woke up one morning in a town 500 miles from where he lived. He had no knowledge of his past, including his identity, and started a new life as a construction worker. Matthew is experiencing____

Dissociative Fugue

In _____ disorder, people show a pattern of Falsifying symptoms that are either physical, psychological, or a combination of both.

Factitious

Gabriel ran hard against a wall until he dislocated his shoulder, bit his lip until it bled, tore his clothing in various areas, and rolled in the dirt. He then went to the ER and told them he was attacked and beaten. He complained of a massive headache, abdominal pain, and shoulder pain. Gabriel meets the criteria for

Factitious disorder

Factitious disorder imposed on another was formerly known as

Factitious disorder by proxy

The most common causes of dissociation are probably ____ and ____

Fatigue and stress

All of the following are true about amnesia except

Generalized retrograde amensias for entire pasts and identities appear to be fairly common

The primary forms of dissociative amnesia are____.

Generalized, selective, localized

A symptom reported by children and many adults with dissociative identity disorder is ____.

Hearing voices inside their head

_____ is sometimes used in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder

Hypnosis

Connor is concerned about bowel rumbling in his gastrointestinal tract. He often feel bloated and is sure he has a mass in his abdomen. He is convinced he has abdominal cancer. He has had numerous diagnostic tests, all of which were negative. Connor may be suffering from_____

Illness anxiety disorder

The treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder is to

Integrate all the alter personalities into once coherent personality

People who abuse alcohol much of their lives can develop a more global retrograde amnesia known as

Korsakoff's syndrome

People who are ___ fake a symptom or a disorder in order to avoid an unwanted situation or to gain something.

Malingering

Individuals with dissociative amnesia or fugue_____.

May recover on their own

Evidence from some family history studies suggests that dissociative identity disorder_____.

May run in some families

When children have conversion disorder, their symptoms often ____.

Mimic those of someone they are close to who has a real illness.

Which of the following are characteristics of depersonalization/ derealization disorder?

Once it manifests, people often have chronic experiences of depersonalization/ derealization Individuals often report a history of childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse It is diagnosed when episodes are so frequent and distressing that they interfere with everyday functioning

A disorder that is often comorbid with dissociative identity disorder is______.

PTSD

All of the following statements are true about dissociative identity disorder except

People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to create imaginary playmates to escape from loneliness

Which of the following can cause a dissociative disorder?

Physical abuse during childhood a Traumatic event during childhood Sexual abuse during childhood

In the DSM-5, conversion disorder was renamed functional neurological symptom disorder because _____ and _____ objected to the presumption that psychological distress was converted into physical symptoms.

Physicians and patients

Somatic symptoms and illness anxiety may be a part of _____ - ____ stress disorder.

Post Traumatic

When individuals have symptoms that tend to reduce anxiety, they are, according to freud, the recipients of ___ ____.

Primary gain

______ may be the result of using dissociations against intolerable memories or stressors.

Psychogenic Amensia

_____ Amnesia arises in the absence of any brain injury or disease and is thought to have psychological causes.

Psychogenic Amnesia

The final outcome in the story of Eve White was that _____.

She integrated all her personalities into one entity and led a healthy, normal life

Which theory of dissociative identity disorder argues that the alternate personalities are created by patients who adopt the idea of dissociative identity disorder as an explanation that fits their lives

Sociocognitive model

Minerva has been complaining about numerous aches and pains. She has constant feelings of weakness and is often fatigued. Numerous diagnostic tests have been negative. Despite this, Minerva seeks constant treatment for her ailments. Minerva is probably suffering from

Somatic symptom disorder

Which of the following are symptoms of somatic symptom disorder noted in the text?

Spends a great deal of time thinking about their physical symptoms Spends a great deal of energy thinking about their physical symptoms Seeks medical care for their distressing physical symptoms

Which of the following are criteria for dissociative amnesia?

Symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment Not better explained by DID, PTSD, acute stress disorder, or somatization disorder Inability to recall important autobiographical information

A type of alter for someone with dissociative identity disorder is one who offers advice to the other personalities. This personality is known as a _____ Personalitity.

The protector

Turner has committed a murder in the commission of a robbery. He claimed no knowledge of the murder or the crime and is amnesic regarding it. Authorities are trying to ascertain if he is feigning amnesias to escape punishment. What are the difficulties in attempting to prove the presence of feigning of turners amnesia?

There is not clear-cut way to differentiate true amnesia fro feigned amnesia Hypnosis to assist turner in remember the crime may creat memories through the power of suggestion

Which of the following is true of the behavioral therapist view of conversion disorder?

They emphasize the role of conversion symptoms in alleviating distress by removing the individual from difficult enviroments They emphasize the role of conversion symptoms in allowing patients to avoid unwanted responsibilities or situations

Which of the following are true about the difficulties in diagnosing amnesias?

True amnesias can occur in conjunction with the commission of a crime People committing crimes may be inebriated, which can cause amnesic blackouts Amnesias may be faked to escape punishment for crimes committed during the "amnesic period"

Dissociative identity disorder is most frequent in which of the following countries?

United states

In dissociative identity disorder, the multiple personalities that are present are known as_____

alters

For people with dissociative identity disorder, when other personalites are in control they may experience complete ____.

amnesia

Nonbelievers in repressed memories

have raised questions about the methods and conclusions or repressed memory studies

A reason that someone with dissociative identity disorder is often taken for treatment is because they _____.

commit self-destructive behavior

The essential feature of ____ disorder is that the individual losses neurologic functions in a part of his or her body, and it is not due to an underlying medical condition.

conversion

Harry had been studying for weeks for his medical college admission test. He know he had to succeed because his family was counting on him to do well after going into debt paying for his education. He left an inordinate amount of pressure and had an extreme fitful night of sleep the night before the exam. When he awakened the next morning, Harry discovered that he could not see. He was blind! Harry most likely was experiencing a common symptom of ____.

conversion disorder

Freud named conversion disorder because he stated that stress brought about by unconscious conflicts was ____ into physical symptoms that could be treated.

converted

Eve White, Eve black, and jane were alters of person who suffered from

dissociative identity disorder

People with ____ feel detached from their own mental process or body.

depersonalization/ derealization disorder

With _____, different parts of an individual's identity, memories, or consciousness split off from one another.

dissociation

The disorder in which it appears that the individual has developed more than one personality with its associated sense of self is____ ____ disorder

dissociative identity

In treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder, psychodynamic therapists ____.

focus on providing insight about the connections between emotions and physical symptoms

Mickey is an alter of Sam, who has dissociative identity disorder. Mickey is a cutter and has attempted suicide several times, Mickey is a ____ Personalitiy

persecutor

Donahue does not want to go to school and take a test he did not prepare for. He splashes warm water on his face, sticks the thermometer under hot water, and shows it to his mother to maker her think he has a fever. Donahue_______

is malingering

Differentiating true amnesias from feigned ones

is virtually impossible

All of the following are true about retrograde amnesia except 1. It can be due to brain injury from blows to the head 2. It can be motivated by the desire to forget the events leading up to the trauma. 3. It can occur for long periods of time. 4. It entails the inability to remember new information

it entails the inability to remember new information

Corporal johnson planted explosives around the enemy camp. He then set them off and witnessed the deaths of many men, women, and children. He was horrified at the carnage. The next morning, when he awakened, he was blind. Curiously, he did not seem overly concerned about this blindness. This lack of concern is known as ____.

la bella indifference

A difficulty in diagnosing somatic symptom disorder is that the individual

may have a real physical disorder that is difficult to detect

Which of the following are common symptoms of conversion disorder?

mutism Paralysis Seizurs

The disorder that is caused by brain injury resulting from disease, drugs, accidents, or surgery is called

organic amnesia

Morris is an alter of Gerard, who has dissociative identity disorder. Morris is constantly helping the other personalities out and giving advice. Morris is known as a ____ personality.

protector

Therapists who view conversion symptoms as the result of the transfer of the psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms come from the _____ perspective.

psychodynamic