chapter 6

Assumptions of Behaviorism

-Learning must include a change in behavior -Behavior occurs due to experiences in the environment -Learning processes are very similar across different species

spontaneous recovery

a temporary return of an extinguished response after delay

unconditioned response

action that the unconditional stimulus elicits

Outcomes of Operant Conditioning

controlling the rate of behavior

unconditional stimulus

event that automatically elicits an unconditioned response

stimulus generalization

is the extension of a conditional response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli

effectiveness of punishment

must be quick and predictable, decrease the probability of response

classical conditioning

pairing neutral stimulus with some stimulus that evokes an automatic response such as salivation CS evoke new response: pavlov experimented on dogs salivation , found that they salivated without even being around food

acquisition

process that establishes or strengthens a conditional response

secondary reinforcer

reinforced because of their association with primary reinforcers

Reinforcement vs punishment

reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior

primary reinforcer

reinforcing because of their own properties

conditioned stimulus

response depends on the preceding conditions

schedules of reinforcement

the frequency and timing of a response depend on the schedule of reinforcement

classical conditioning

the subject's behavior has no effect on the outcome

operant conditioning

the subject's behavior produces an outcome that affects future behavior

social learning theory

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

extinction

to extinguish a classically conditioned response repeatedly

shaping

trains a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to it

conditioned response

whatever response the conditioned stimulus elicits as a result of the conditioning procedure