chapter 6
Assumptions of Behaviorism
-Learning must include a change in behavior -Behavior occurs due to experiences in the environment -Learning processes are very similar across different species
spontaneous recovery
a temporary return of an extinguished response after delay
unconditioned response
action that the unconditional stimulus elicits
Outcomes of Operant Conditioning
controlling the rate of behavior
unconditional stimulus
event that automatically elicits an unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
is the extension of a conditional response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli
effectiveness of punishment
must be quick and predictable, decrease the probability of response
classical conditioning
pairing neutral stimulus with some stimulus that evokes an automatic response such as salivation CS evoke new response: pavlov experimented on dogs salivation , found that they salivated without even being around food
acquisition
process that establishes or strengthens a conditional response
secondary reinforcer
reinforced because of their association with primary reinforcers
Reinforcement vs punishment
reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior
primary reinforcer
reinforcing because of their own properties
conditioned stimulus
response depends on the preceding conditions
schedules of reinforcement
the frequency and timing of a response depend on the schedule of reinforcement
classical conditioning
the subject's behavior has no effect on the outcome
operant conditioning
the subject's behavior produces an outcome that affects future behavior
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
extinction
to extinguish a classically conditioned response repeatedly
shaping
trains a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to it
conditioned response
whatever response the conditioned stimulus elicits as a result of the conditioning procedure