Chapter 6 Cardiovascular system

steps in the formation of a blood clot in the correct chronological order, beginning with the first step at the top.

1. blood vessel is damaged 2. a platelet forms 3. prothrombin is formed and converted to fibrin 4. fibrinogen is formed and converted to thrombin

Identify all of the symptoms that may indicate an individual has acute lymphocytic leukemia.

bruises that take longer than normal to heal, swelling in the neck, lack of energy

endocrine system

can increase blood pressure, regulate blood volume and aid with blood cell formation

Hemoglobin that is carrying carbon dioxide is called

carbaminohemoglobin.

characteristics of mature red blood cells.

carry out fermentation, lack a nucleus, lack mitochondria

Blood is which type of body tissue?

connective tissue

Transport functions of the blood include transport of hormones, hemoglobin transport of oxygen, and

distribution of nutrients.

When examining a stained blood smear, a white blood cell that has prominent cytoplasmic granules that stain a deep red is most likely a(n

eosinophil

Which type of white blood cell is most directly involved in the protection of the body against parasitic infections?

eosinophil

Red blood cells are also known as

erythrocytes

Problems associated with Rh incompatibility are most likely to arise under what conditions?

father is Rh-positive pregnant mother is Rh-negative during pregnancy after a first pregnancy

The most common symptom of anemia is

fatigue

eosinophils

fight large parasites, such as worms digest large pathogens and reduce inflammation

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the three types of

granular leukocytes.

lymphatic system

helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess fluid

respiratory system

helps regulate acid/base balance and aids venous return

urinary system

helps regulate blood-salt balance and blood volume

The component of the blood that is directly responsible for the transportation of oxygen is the

hemoglobin

The pigment molecule that transports oxygen in the red blood cells of humans is called

hemoglobin

Mast cells release which molecule?

histamine

basophils

inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues

What term refers to cancer of the white blood cells?

leukemia

The five major types of white blood cells

monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes

Because the affected gene coding for the factor VIII clotting protein is located on the X chromosome, hemophilia A is

more common in males

A pregnant woman needs to be concerned about her fetus developing hemolytic disease of the newborn only if the woman is Rh___________ and the father is Rh__________

negative, positive

The most abundant of the white blood cells is the

neutrophil

When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that has a finely granular cytoplasm and a multilobed nucleus is most likely a

neutrophil

In a normal, healthy individual, the most abundant type of white blood cell present in the blood is the

neutrophil.

neutrophil

phagocytic cells that combat bacterial infections and eliminate cellular debris

monocytes

phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris

The liquid portion of blood is called

plasma

The portion of the blood responsible for carrying dissolved salts, proteins, and buffers is the

plasma

Two major components of blood

plasma and formed elements

Which of the formed elements are actually fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes?

platelets

Which of the following are required for blood to clot?

platelets clotting factors

Cells that can divide and become the various types of blood cell are called

pluripotent stem cells.

digestive system

provides necessary molecules for blood protein formation and blood cell formation

The three types of formed elements found in human blood

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

Small, biconcave blood cells that lack a nucleus are

red blood cells or erythrocytes

All of the categories of formed elements of human blood are produced by the

red bone marrow.

Which of the following is a potential symptom of acute lymphocytic leukemia?

swelling in the neck and armpits

all of the following describe basophils

take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color nucleus is u-shaped or lobed release histamine associated with allergic reactions

Hemophilia A is a genetic deficiency of the factor VIII protein involved in blood clotting. This disorder is more common in males because

the affected gene is on the X chromosome

When blood is moved from one person to another it is referred to as a blood

transfusion

The three general categories of blood function

transport, regulation, and defense,

The cardiovascular system works with the___________ system by transporting wastes to the kidneys to be excreted.

urinary

Granular and agranular are the two major types of

white blood cells

lymphocytes

B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity

The primary transport medium of the human body is the

Blood

A person who has AB blood type expresses which antigen(s) on the surface of the red blood cells?

Both A and B

Red blood cells have a highly active metabolism compared to most other cell types.

False (Because they lack a nucleus and most other organelles, red blood cells are relatively inactive)

all functions of blood

Helps regulate body temperature, Combats pathogens, Transports gases,

Platelets are produced by fragmentation of which type of cells in red bone marrow?

Megakaryocytes

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can only occur if a mother has ____________ blood and the child has____________blood.

Rh-negative; Rh-positive

the following descriptions apply to eosinophils

They have a bilobed nucleus They are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response.

During blood clotting, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Thrombin

Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

as bicarbonate ion.

In both appearance and function, mast cells most closely resemble which type of white blood cell?

basophil

Which white blood cell type is normally the least numerous in blood?

basophil

The three types of granular leukocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and

basophila

In the ABO system, the 4 different types of human blood are A, B, O and

AB

Based on their structure, the two major types of white blood cells are granular leukocytes and

agranular

During pregnancy, if a woman is Rh- and the father is Rh+ the child can be Rh+. In this case, the presence of of Rh+ antigens causes the mother to produce

anti-Rh antibodies.

In response to the presence of foreign antigens, certain white blood cells (B cells) produce specific antigen-binding proteins called

antibodies

A cell or other substance that is foreign to the body is called a/an

antigen

the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood.

as bicarbonate ion, combined with hemoglobin, dissolved in the plasma