Chapter 6 Psych 172

Which of the following statements regarding moral development in early childhood is true?

Moral judgments tend to be based more on fear of punishment than is the case for older children.

One can see a preference for the use of a particular hand over the other as early as __________.

the prenatal period

There is a broad consensus among early childhood scholars that preschool teaching should be based on __________.

unstructured, hands-on experiences

Compared to children with low socioeconomic status who did not attend Head Start, those children who did attend __________.

were less likely to be placed in special education classes

Compared to low-income children who did not participate in the High Scope Preschool Project, children who did participate __________.

were more likely to be married and own their own home by age 27

Which of the following statements regarding handedness is true?

A premature birth is more common among left-handed infants.

Which of the following statements regarding media use in early childhood is true?

Children are able to connect musical sounds with specific emotions.

__________ is the ability to exercise control over one's emotions.

Emotional self-regulation

Many studies across different cultures have found that children develop culturally specific rules of linguistic politeness between the ages of __________.

2 and 5 years

Which of the following would you be most likely to see 5-year-olds doing on a playground in a Western culture?

Boys playing a game to see who could throw a ball the farthest

Which of the following is a factor that makes cultural learning in developed countries different from cultural learning in traditional cultures?

Children in developed countries are often apart from their families for a substantial part of the day, so they don't have as much guided participation in daily activities within the family as children in traditional cultures do.

In Piagetian terms, which of the following is the principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical appearance changes?

Conservation

Based on research, which of the following would you expect of a 4-year-old American boy in regards to aggression and play?

He engages in rough-and-tumble play at recess when he is around other boys of the same age.

Which of the following statements regarding cultural differences in learning is true?

In many cultures, children aged 5-6 are first given important responsibilities in the family for food preparation, child care, and animal care.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of shame as a punishment is true?

It is referred to as psychological control among American researchers.

Which of the following statements about gender identity is true?

It refers to the ability of children to identify themselves as female or male.

Imagine that you have just walked into a kindergarten classroom during art time and all the children in this particular class are 5 years old. What would you most likely see?

Most of the children drawing something that is recognizable, such as a person or animal.

__________ includes hitting, kicking, biting, burning, or shaking the child.

Physical abuse

Which of the following statements about preschool and the Japanese is true?

Preschool is mainly a time for learning social skills and gaining experience being a member of a group.

Which of the following statements regarding theory of mind is true?

Researchers have used violation-of-expectation tasks to explore theory of the mind.

Hyejin is an only child from China. Which of the following is most likely true?

She has higher cognitive development than her counterparts with siblings.

Four-year-old Nicco uses infant-directed speech when talking to his neighbor's new baby; this demonstrates __________.

pragmatics

Which of the following statements regarding emotional regulation is true?

Temper tantrums and crying decrease from age 2 to 6.

Research on parenting has found which of the following statements to be true?

There are bidirectional effects between parents and their children.

Which of the following statements regarding left-handed children is true?

They will be more likely to learn to be right-handed in an Asian or African culture than in the United States.

Based on existing research, which of the following statements regarding discipline is true?

Western parents tend to use a lot of praise for compliant behavior.

As a parent of a 3-year-old, you have visited several preschool programs to determine the one that will provide the highest quality experience. Which of the following should you look for in the preschool that you choose?

Whether the teachers spend a lot of time interacting with the children, rather than with each other

Five-year-old Marco draws a picture of a train with a smiley face and sunglasses. This is an example of __________.

animism

The parenting style of parents who listen receptively to opinions from their children is considered to be __________.

authoritative

In early childhood (from ages 3 to 6) __________.

children learn to make more hops in a row and to hop on one foot

The way we organize and process information in terms of gender-based categories is referred to as __________.

gender schemas

In Berko's classic experiment, she showed young children a picture of one figure called a "wug" and then showed them two of these figures. She asked them to respond to the following question: "Now there are two __________." Berko was measuring children's understanding of what?

grammar

__________ is a language's distinctive system of rules.

grammar

Chris realized that even though the teacher dressed up like Michael Jackson for Halloween, she is still a female. Based on this information, one would expect that Chris __________.

is a 7-year-old boy

Lucien is still cared for mainly by his mother, who just recently stopped breast feeding. He also spends a lot of time with his older siblings and older children who live nearby. When he is distressed, the older children comfort him if the mother is not in the vicinity. Using Mead's classification, Lucien would be considered a __________.

knee child

While learning language, children who learn English and other Western languages have been shown to fast-map __________ first.

nouns