Chapter 7

Downwelling can result from __________.

converging surface currents

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ .

density differences

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________.

flow from land to sea and are dry

Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect?

geostrophic circulation

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

larger; slower

Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.

one-third

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be __________.

slowing of deep-ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water

The thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by __________.

the insulating nature of the ice itself

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as:

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure.

The Ekman spiral is caused by:

the wind and the Coriolis effect. Submit

Equatorial currents are driven by the:

trade winds.

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

upwelling.

Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.

upwelling; high

Peru's residents are familiar with ENSO as it brings a warm current that reduces populations of which animal?

Anchovies

Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth?

Antarctic Circumpolar

Which conditions in the ocean promote high productivity?

Cold water, rich nutrients

Which method would be most appropriate for directly measuring the flow rate of the Gulf Stream?

Drift bottles Submit

Of the following methods, which are indirect methods for measuring currents?

Dynamic topography, Pressure gradients, Doppler flow meter

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

Gulf Stream

Of the following conditions, which is/are related to strong El Niño events?

Increased abundance of hurricanes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, ncrease in sea-surface temperatures and destruction of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean associated with warmer water

Which of the following is a direct method for measuring surface currents?

Propeller flow meter

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

Radio-transmitting float bottles

Of the following gyres, which one(s) flow in a counterclockwise direction?

South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, Northern Hemisphere Subpolar Gyres, Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre, South Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The West Wind Drift is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Southern Boundary Current

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?

Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.

What depth does Argo floats collect data?

Upper 2,000 meters

The Agulhas Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current Submit

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land

What percentage of an icebergs mass is below the waterline?

90%

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Western United States being arid?

California Current

Which of the following is true for downwelling?

Carries dissolved oxygen to the deep-sea floor

The California Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

The world's two main iceberg-producing regions are ________.

Greenland and Antarctica

Which swift-flowing surface current in a major subtropical gyre transports a large volume of warm water from the equator toward the mid-latitudes?

Kuroshio Current

The North Atlantic Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Northern Boundary Current

The deepest and densest water mass in the world ocean is formed in the __________________.

Southern Ocean

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?

Subtropical convergence

In a severe warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), fisheries' productivity on the west coasts of the Americas is dramatically reduced. Which stage of ENSO would come just before the fisheries' collapse?

The thermocline deepens in eastern boundary currents of the Pacific Ocean subtropical gyres.

Of the following locations, where would upwelling be expected to occur?

Where there is a sharp bend in a coastlineWhere seamounts or tablemounts are presentIn areas of diverging surface currents

Western intensification causes:

a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compared to the eastern section of the gyre.very swift western boundary currents.the center of the gyre to be shift to the west.a large volume of water to flow within western boundary currents. ALL of the FOLLOWING