exam3 govt.
the house and the senate each elect ____ to lead their party efforts in the chamber
party leaders
choosing committee chairs based on which member has the longest continuous tenure on a standing committee is an example of the
seniority system
which of the following terms describes a permanent committee in congress that has a defined legislative jurisdiction
standing committee
the structure of the state court systems is defined by
state law
which of the following are limits on judicial power
the law itself AND the facts of the case
who or what serves as the last or highest source for legal disputes in the us
the supreme court
how does public opinion affect supreme court decisions
the supreme court is less responsive to public AND the court is aware of public opinion
why do justices write concurring opinion
they agree with the courts decision but disagree with some of the legal arguments made by the justices in the majority
why are bureaucrats brought into the policy formulation process
they are often consulted because of their expertise in dealing with societal problems AND they will have to decide how to fill in the program details of a bill that....
put in order the following steps that a bill must pass through in order to become a law
1. a member of the HP or S formally proposed the bill 2. the bill is submitted 3. a majority of members approve the bill 4. the president signs
the federal bureaucracy experienced its greatest expansion during the
1930s under Franklin R.
in order to member of the SENATE a person must be ___ age and ___ citizen
30 years old and 9 years
the cost of running for SENATE rose by more than ____ between 1990 and 2012
300%
compared to the 1980s the cost of running for the HOUSE of representatives has risen by more than ____ in 2010
600%
members of the US house of representatives are re elected in ___ of races
92%
there are ___ federal district courts altogether with at least one court in every state
94
which of the following statements does not apply to SES
SES personnel receviez special leadership training
amicus curl brides have what impact on the american legal system
they help the court to understand how interested parties feel about the case in questions
which of the following statements about presidential commissions is true
they provide advice to the president
which of the following are ways in which accountability is encouraged within bu...
administrated law judges AND whist blower protections AND SES
federal courts address which two types of laws
administrative AND federal stuturoty
when citizens believe that they have become harmed by a bureaucratic decision they can contest the ruling in front of
an administrative law judge
the supreme court receives most of its cases through which jurisdiction
appellate
the supreme court has
appellate AND original
which of the following are activities that typically take place in a party caucus
developing issues AND adopting a single policy message
once the house and senate vote on their budget bills what happens next
differences in house and senate bills are...
how does the public generally feel about congress
dissatisfied
most of the bills congress passes are _____ in nature which means they provide....
distributive
which type of federal court hears criminal cases
district courts
according to the doctrine of judicial restraint judges should
generally defer to the policy decisions made by elected officials
appellate courts review which aspect of lower court decision
how a lower court applied the law
which of the following is a right of the presidents pro tempore
to preside over the senate in the absence of the vice president
congress is an institution where many interest are represented which is a strength in a diverse nation ...........
true
members of the house of rep. typically serve on ___ committees while members of the senate serve on ____
two, four
as a result of the increased level of party polarization in the US which candidates face greater risk of losing the primary election
incumbent moderates
the practice in which members of congress agree to vote for a bill in exchange for their colleagues vote on another bill is called
logrolling
each of the 50 states
maintains its own court system
who helps the speaker set the party legislative agenda in the house
majority leader
in the house, both the fill committee and a subcommittee may j____ or propose changes to a bill
mark up
elections held in the years between presidential elections are called ____ elections
midterm
the merit based civil service system requires that workers be skilled in the jobs and willing to serve people of all political parties
neutral competence
which of the following are issued by the supreme court after hearing a case
one or more opinions AND a decision
merit based positions constitute ____ the jobs in the national bureaucracy
a majority of
the framers of the constitution intended that lawmakers _____, something which has become difficult
act in the spirit of compromise
what policy perspective tends to dominate over time among most high ranking bureaucrats who have spent years working in the same agency
agency point of view
which of the following makes a senate challenger more likely to be successful
all 3 EXCEPT having not held elective office previously
the supreme court has
almost complete control in deciding the cases it will hear
in congress, disagreement over national policy usually occurs
along partisan divisions
some ways the president exerts control over the bureaucracy include
appointing particular people to head agencies or departmentsAND issuing executive orders to require ....
which of the following strongly and positively affects a congressional candidates ability to raise money and win an election
bein an incumbent
____ is a proposed legislative act that if passed by both chambers of congress and signed
bill
federal departments are each responsible for one
broad policy area
bureaucrats often have expertise over other govt workers because
bureaucrats have trained and worked in specialized areas
during the policy implementation stage, bureaucrats must
carry out the decisions
when an incumbent personally hips constituents sole problems with the federal bureaucracy it is known as
casework
to plan strategy and resolve policy issues, party members in congress typically meet behind closed doors in a session called a party____
caucus
a constituency is compromised of
citizens of the incumbents state or district
to end a filibuster, sixty senators must agree to invoke ____ and end the debate
cloture
among the reasons why congress has difficulty taking the lead on broad issues are the facts that
congress has two chambers and they are not always... AND members of congress come from different districts ...
for its estimates on govt spending and revenues, congress relies mainly on what organization
congressional budget office
members of congress usually serve on congressional committees that concentrate on policy areas that affect the members
constituency
which of the following circuit courts has jurisdiction over appeals invovoling patents and international trade
court of appeals for the federal circuit
identify the checks on judicial power enjoyed by congress
exercising the authority to confirm super court justiceAND rewriting legislation
a whistleblower in the federal bureaucracy is a person who
exposes
under the merit system a civil servant can be fired for
falling to perform his or her job properly
the privilege of incumbents to send mail to their constituencies at the govt expense is known as the ____ prive.
franking
hearings are an effective way for committees to
gather information
in financial terms, a federal agency must prove that its proposed regulation
has benefits that outweigh the costs
which of the following are most likely to persuade the supreme court justices to review a case
if the us govt is a party in the case AND if the legal issue it raises is being handled inconsistently
during the budgetary process, federal agencies follow guidelines that
include limits on the amount of money they can request
_______ typically benefit from gerrymandering ....
incumbents s
what is the purpose of the writ of certiorari
it is an order from a higher court for a lower court to submit ...
when a bill falls into the area in which a committee is authorized to act, that committee is said to have
jurisdiction
an example of congress's ___ is when congress passes legislation that creates incentives for the development of alternative energy sources
lawmaking function
statutory laws are created by this branch of govt
legislative
the party that controls the rules and has the most powerful leadership position in the house is the
majority
which of the following position in the senate schedules debates on legislation
majority leader
an opinion in a case that is agreed upon by at least five of nine members
majority opinion
the framers of the constitution granted congress the power to ______, the greatest of all powers
make laws
which type of spending obligates the govt to meet social program commitments as long as the program is in existence
mandatory
which of the following is a major reason why incumbents are reelected
many congressional district and some states are
how many justices can sit on the supreme court
nine
an open seat election is one which
no incumbent is running
the supreme court tends to hear cases
of substantial legal significance
which of the following organizations provides oversight through review of all agency regulations and policy proposals....
office of management and budget
An ____ rule allows members to propose amendments that are relevant to any section of the bill
open
the authority to be the first court to hear a case is known as
original jurisdiction
ensuring that laws are being administrated by the executive branch int he way intended by congress is an important function of congress known as
oversight
a vote where most members of one political party vote one way while most members of the other party vote the other way is categorized as a ____ unity vote
party
supreme court justices tend to vote according to their personal
political attitudes
the nomination process for the supreme court places high importance on which of the following ...
political philosophy AND legal credentials
the term precedent refers to
previous court rulings on similar cases
under the common law tradition judges should base their decisions on
previous judicial rulings
the process of determining how many house seats each state is allowed as a result of population change since the last census is known as
reapportionment
the trend toward party unity in congress can clearly be seen in voting records of members congress when their votes are officially recorded during a _______ vote
roll call
bureaucrats make policy as they fill in the details necessary to implement legislation through the process of
rule making
which of the following are duties of the speaker of the house
scheduling legislations AND recognizing members who will be allowed to speak on the floor
the speaker of the house has the right to
select the chairperson of the HRC AND speak first AND choose who may speak on the house floor
each federal judge is nominated by the president and is confirmed by the
senate
by tradition if the president fails to consult with the senator from the state where a judicial appointment ....
senatorial courtesy
which of the following refer to the system prior to the 1880s by which bureaucrats were hired
spoils AND patronage
civil servants are prohibited from doing which of the following
striking to get what they want AND negotiating salaries
which of the following are common threats to incumbency
strong challengers AND personal misconduct AND disruptive issues
what occurs after a conference committee reconciles differences int he house and senate versions of a bill
the bill goes back to both chambers for a vote
which of the following statement concerning the constitution and the judiciary is true
the constitution is silent concerning the approach that judges should take
what are characteristics of job specialization in a bureaucracy
the explicit definition of duties for each position AND a precise division of labor within the bureaucracy
what usually is the best indicator of how individual supreme court justices vote on cases in which the court issues a divided decision ?
the justices political backgrounds
which of the following about midterms elections are true
voter turnout is lower than for presidential elections AND the presidents party usually loses seats AND there is less media coverage
alexander hamilton said that of all the branches of govt the supreme court was the
weakest
when does a bill become a law
when congress overrides a presidential veto AND when the president signs it
when is congressional oversight exercised vigorously
when members are intending to modify an agency program AND when cambered are annoyed with an agency
both political parties in the house have a _____ who acts as a go between with the leadership and the party members
whip
which of the following best explain why a member of congress is chosen to a party leadership position
ability to successfully promote the partys goals AND demonstrated leadership ability AND ability to work with the other party
the type of law that involves issues such as shoplifting, murder, and rape is known as ______ law
criminal
the role of presidential appointees to a federal bureaucracy is to provide
day to day oversight ...
select committees are
designed to address a specific issue or problem
members of congress are attentive to the concert of the constituents because constituents
determine whether or not they stay in office
what is one reason why incumbents have a fundraising advantage over challengers
incumbents have a ready list of potential contributors from past campaigns
bureau tic agencies are at odds with democratic principles because the agencies have
workers who serve permanent terms AND a fixed hierarchy
the merit system of hiring civil servants was instituted because of the need for a
workforce that could serve ever everyone AND skilled workforce
when four supreme court justices agree to request a record of the case form a lower court the court issues a
writ of carts..
the only type of federal court that features two sides presenting a case to a jury for a verdict is
a district court
when people at different levels of an organization have authority over people in lower levels of the organization, it creates
a hierarchical authority
following oral argument the supreme court justices meet in complete privacy and secrecy to discuss and vote on the case...
a judicial conference
why is the rules committee considered one of the most important committees in the house
because it decides the length of debate that will occur on a bill and whether amendments will be allowed
which of the following could be considered personal misconduct that might lead to congressional incumbent losing a bid for reelection
being involved in a sex scandal AND engaging in bribery
which committees in congress are responsible for reviewing the presidents budget and for recommending overall spending and revenue levels
budget committees
congress and the president decide how much money each bureaucratic agency will be authorized to spend in the ___ process
budgetary
what is the earliest step of the resource allocation process
bureaucrats develop annual budget requests for their agencies
most members of congress are
career politicians who want to stay in congress...
groups in society that benefit directly from a bureaucratic agencies programs and thus usually lobby congress and the president on behalf of the agency are known as a ____
clientele
the constitution establishes the supreme court which entity is empowered by the constitution to establish the lower federal courts
congress
as part of the policy formulation process, bureaucrats can bring ideas for potential policies to the
congress AND white house
after 9/11 president bush sought to streamline the intelligence bureaucracy and thus make is more efficient by
consolidating all of the intelligence services under a single director
partisan voting occurs more often when members are voting on____ issues that involve intense partisan differences
domestic policy
the organization of a bureaucracy is structured to achieve maximum
efficiency
the federal budgetary process begins in the _____ brach,where in consultation ....
executive
most congressional bills survive committee scrutiny and are voted upon by the house and senate
false
the president submits his budget to congress in april where it will undergo varying degree of change
false
federal courts usually do not intervene into state court matters unless a ____ issue or law is involves
federal
when members of the senate wish to halt or delay the passage of a bill, a -__ may take place
filibuster
bureaucratic agencies can benefit rom
focusing on policies a president AND addressing the concerns of voters
the redrawing of congressional boundaries to benefit a political party is
gerrymandering
if the majority of the members are the HOR are republicans then every com.....
have a majority of republican members
judges might not be able to use legal precedents if their cases
have significant differences AND fall in between
what unique and vital power does the chief justice enjoy once the supreme court has reaches a decision in a case
he chooses who writes the courts opinions provided he is a member of the majority
when a committee or subcommittee holds a _____ they are trying to gather information
hearing
the difference between amendments that can be offered in the house and senate to a bill under consideration is that in the
house amendments must directly relate to a bills contents
pork barrel projects show constituents that their representative
is actively working for them in congress
the written brief in a court case
is an argument by a party to the case as to why its position ...
overall, what effect has the exercise of judicial review had on the balance of power between levels of govt...
it has increased the power of the federal govt AND it has increased the power of the courts by creating new powers
how does the court system hold federal bureaucratic agencies accountable
it reviews the actions of the executive legislative branches to ensure that they are following....
a committee that is composed of members of both chambers of congress is known as a _____
joint
in making their decisions what are the three main sources of law that judges consider
legal precedent AND the constitution AND US statutory law
if congress is displease with a bureaucracy performance or behavior, what are some actions it can take
modify its authority AND cut its budget
when major disruptive issues over incumbents are
more likely to lose
compared with republicans president democratic presidents have appointed _____ to the federal bench
more minorities and more women
in regards pay and benefits, federal employees
receive good fringe benefits such as full health insurance
when congressional district boundaries are redrawn within a state, it is known as
redistricting
redistricting consists of
redrawing congressional district boundaries within a state
which of the following are tools available to the president to help hold the bureaucracy accountable and to make them more....
reform panels... AND executive orders that force AND initiative such as the NPR
which of the following are functions of congress
representation AND oversight AND lawmaking
members of congress give various interest a voice in the legislative process as part of congress's ____ function
representative
which of the following statements concerning the political orientation of supreme court justices is correct
republican appointees are more likely than democrats
__________ refers to practice where members of congress respond to constituents individual requests for information or a help with a federal benefit
service strategy
incumbents have ____ over challengers
substantial advantages
a clause in legislation that sets an expiration date for the authorized program unless congress reauthorizes it is known as a ____ clause
sunset
the emergence of ____ ______ groups that can pour money into a political campaign with few limits, has given challengers a better opportunity.......
super PACs
which of the following are examples of independent agencies
the CIA and the NASA
which act limited civil servants rights to engage in political activity
the Hatch Act
which of the following is not a part of the missouri plan for selecting state level judges
the political parties nominate judicial to run for office
which of the following are example of regulatory agencies
the security and exchange commission AND the environment protection agency
which statement is true regarding decisions made by the us court of appeals
the vast majority ...
how do committees and subcommittees serve to decentralize power in congress
they allow more members to hold leadership positions
how are government corporations similar to private corporations
they are governed by boards of directors AND they charge for their services
which of the following statements about federal employees are true
they are mainly hired though the merit system
which of the following is true of bills that emerge form committee with the full support of the committee members
they are typically passed by and over whelming majority
what are some ways bureaucrats have expertise in their areas
they have scientific, technical or other types of training AND they have spent years working with particular policies
US bureaucrats administer ____ of programs
thousands
Full time employees working in the US federal bureaucracy number is in the millions
true
compared with their percentage of the overall populations of the US women and minorities are ____ in congress
underrepresented
according to the doctrine of judicial activism judges should
use the law in ways that expand the protection of basic rights such as liberty and equality
gerrymandering is
usually legal
if a vote in the senate is tied the
vice president
top paying bureaucratic jobs are most likely to be held by
white men
which of the following statements reflects the agency point of view in federal bureaucracies
workers at one agency hold that the needs of their agency come before the needs of other agencies