chapter 7

Sarcomas are _____ common than carcinomas.

10x less

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T2, N1, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.

2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant

As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any non healing ulcer of the skin or lips that has beenpresent for more than

2 weeks

Approximately _____% of patients with chondrosarcoma involving the jaws survive 5 years after the diagnosis.

30

Approximately _____% of leukoplakias examined microscopically demonstrate epithelial dysplasia.

5 to 25

Which choice represents a characteristic of malignant tumors?

Ability to spread to distant sites

All carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from squamous epithelium except one. Which is the exception?

Adenoid cystic

Which salivary gland tumor has a "Swiss cheese" appearance under the microscope?

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Which tumor occurs most frequently in the anterior part of the jaws?

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Ghost cells are characteristic of which lesion?

Calcifying odontogenic cyst

Which tumor most closely resembles an ameloblastoma with ameloblast-like epithelial cells surrounding areas that look like stellate reticulum?

Calcifying odontogenic cyst

The central cemento ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from which cells?

Cells of the periodontal ligament

Which choice is not regarded as an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer?

Chronic irritation

What is the treatment for a benign cementoblastoma?

Enucleation of tumor and tooth extraction

Which intraoral lesion appears as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch?

Erythroplakia

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly seen in which demographic group?

Fifth and sixth decades of life

93. Squamous cell carcinoma may appear anywhere in the oral cavity; where is the most common site?

Floor of the mouth

Leukoplakia cannot be diagnosed clinically as a specific disease; therefore, it must often be examined in a laboratory setting. When examined microscopically, leukoplakia may reveal the following except one. Which is the exception? Squamous cell carcinoma Hemangioma Epithelial dysplasia Premalignant condition

Hemangioma

Which is a common characteristic of benign neoplasms?

Inability to spread to distant sites

How does an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor differ from a dentigerous cyst on radiographic images?

It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.

Which is the false statement about basal cell carcinoma? It often occurs in white adults with fair complexions. It appears as a non healing ulcer with rolled borders. It is usually seen on the skin of the face. It occurs intraorally

It occurs intraorally.

Where is the most common intraoral location for the development of minor salivary gland tumors?

Junction of the hard and soft palate

The papilloma will appear whiter clinically because of additional amounts of what substance?

Keratin

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to which site?

Lymph nodes

Where is the most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws?

Mandible

Which is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor found in children?

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Which tumor is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells?

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A benign cementoblastoma has all these radiographic characteristics except one. Which is the exception?

Multilocular

What is the classic radiographic appearance of the ameloblastoma?

Multilocular, soap-bubble radiolucency

What is the term to describe a malignant tumor in bone?

Osteosarcoma

Which is the most common salivary gland neoplasm?

Pleomorphic adenoma

Which statement about malignant melanoma is true?

Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare

Clinical signs and symptoms of a pleomorphic adenoma include the following except one. Which is the exception? Nonulcerated lesion Painless Quickly enlarging Dome-shaped mass

Quickly enlarging

Where do most cases of papilloma occur?

Soft palate or tongue

Which statement is true of the odontogenic myxoma?

The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.

Which statement about hemangiomas is true?

They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.

Which is the most significant factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma?

Tobacco use

Which statement about epithelial dysplasia is true?

Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.

Which lesion most closely resembles a papilloma?

Verruca vulgaris

Which statement about erythroplakia is true?

When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma.

A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is termed a(n)

adenoma.

Because the origin of these tumors is glandular epithelium, benign tumors of salivary gland origin are termed

adenomas

The pleomorphic adenoma

appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.

A lipoma

appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.

A compound odontoma

appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that

are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.

Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are

associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located

at the junction of the hard and soft palate.

All terms are associated with malignancy except one. Which is the exception? a. Invasive b. Encapsulated c. Cancerd. Metastasis

b. Encapsulated

A papilloma is a _____ tumor derived from _____ epithelium.

benign; squamous

The distinction between dangerous and innocuous leukoplakia is best determined by the

biopsy of the lesion.

All are common warning signs of malignant neoplasms except one. Which is the exception?

bleeding

A(n) _____ is composed of islands and sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells with deposits of amyloid-like material that is thought to represent a form of abnormal enamel protein.

calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor

Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is termed

carcinoma in situ.

Kaposi sarcoma is

caused by a human herpesvirus.

A benign tumor of cartilage is termed a(n)

chondroma.

The Warthin tumor

contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.

Idiopathic leukoplakia

does not have a specific known cause.

Anaplastic means the tumor

does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.

The majority of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors occur in _____ years of age.

females under 20

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T3, N0, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis.

greater than 4; no; no distant

Verrucous carcinoma

has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.

A _____ is a benign proliferation of capillaries.

hemangioma

The benign oral pathologic lesion that occurs frequently in the head and neck area and is classified as capillary or cavernous is termed

hemangioma.

Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of _____ cells.

immature white blood

This benign tumor of fat cells that clinically appears as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium is referred to as a

lipoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck. Common distant sites include

lungs and liver.

. A _____ both invades and destroyssurrounding tissue and has the ability to spread throughout the body.

malignant tumor

Basal cell carcinoma is a _____ tumor that _____ in the oral cavity.

malignant; does not occur

A rhabdomyosarcoma is a _____ tumor of _____ muscle.

malignant; striated

Osteosarcoma occurs more often in the _____ and more often in _____.

mandible; males

When a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arises within bone, it will usually be found in the _____ region.

mandibular posterior

The ameloblastoma

may cause expansion of bone.

The adenoid cystic carcinoma is

most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.

The granular cell tumor

most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa.

Bence Jones proteins are associated with

multiple myeloma.

_____ means new growth.

neoplasia

The ameloblastic fibroma

occurs more commonly in males than females.

A benign tumor of bone is called a(n)

osteoma.

A "sunburst" pattern is associated with

osteosarcoma.

The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the

palate.

The _____ is a unique type of monomorphic adenoma.

papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of

plasma cells.

Most ameloblastomas are located in the

posterior mandible

The diagnosis of oral osteosarcoma is dependent on

radiographic interpretation.

Malignant melanoma usually presents as a(n)

rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass

A basal cell carcinoma will _____ metastasize.

rarely

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of all three may be used to treat which lesion?

rhabdomyosarcoma

Patients who have undergone rUadiaStionNtheTrapy foOr malignant tumors of the head and neck often experience severe xerostomia as a result of radiation damage to _____ tissue.

salivary gland

An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is termed

speckled leukoplakia.

"Keratin pearls" are a characteristic feature of

squamous cell carcinoma.

A central mucoepidermoid carcUinoSmaNis dTerived fOrom either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or

the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.

A common location of the oral neurofibroma is the

tongue.

The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the

tongue.

The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the

tonsillar area.

Epithelial dysplasia is a microscopy-based diagnosis; it indicates disordered growth and is considered a premalignant condition.

true

An ameloblastoma may appear as a _____ on radiographic images.

unilocular or multilocular radiolucency

Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the _____ years old.

vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55