Chapter 7 CONNECT Practice Qs

Forms of PEM include

-Marasmus -Kwashiorkor

A specific tRNA molecule ____.

conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome

The body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from _____ sources

endogenous

Match each term with the most appropriate definition.

lactovegetarian = eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs lactoovovegetarian = eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods ovoovevegetarian = eats eggs but no other animal foods

The ____ of a protein is characteristic of its function.

shape

Protein-energy malnutrition is an example of:

undernutrition

Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to the ___ where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein.

ribosomes

Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal.

1. Deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. Liver converts ammonia to urea 3. Urea is released into the blood 4. Kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach

1. Denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin. 2. The pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells. 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver. 5. Rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces.

Match the type of protein with the most appropriate characteristic of the protein.

Collagen = Cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue Keratin = Hair, nails, and skin

What is formed when two amino acids bond?

Dipeptide

Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?

Eggs

What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions?

Enzymes

_____ proteins are dietary proteins that are low in, or lack, one or more essential amino acids.

Incomplete

Which of the following elements is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

Nitrogen

_____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsin

What happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for constructing the protein?

Production of protein stops

____ is synthesized by every organism in the body.

Protein

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

Which of the following are examples of processed meat products?

-Bacon -Sausage -Ham

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your:

-DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid

Which of the following is true about transamination?

-Explains how non-essential amino acids can be made -Reactions are reversible -Involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid

Forms of PEM include:

-Marasmus -Kwashiorkor

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? (all that apply)

-Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein -Supplies all nine essential amino acids

What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?

-Ribosomes won't read the correct message. -The polypeptide chain will be incorrect -Incorrect mRNA will be produced.

What are some examples of foods made from soybeans?

-meat substitutes -infant formula -soy milk

Humans are considered

-omnivores -able to eat plants and animals

Which of the following is true about protein?

-organic molecules -contains nitrogen

The human digestive system is able to digest nutrients from:

-plants -animals

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?

10 - 35%

how many nonessential amino acids exist?

11

Match the food with the approximate amount of protein in the food.

23 g of protein: -3oz. serving ground beef I g of protein: -3 oz. serving of broccoli -3 oz. serving of carrots

Edema refers to

A buildup of fluid in the spaces between cells

True or False: Fats and carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs.

False

True or False: tRNA is responsible for transferring DNA from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm

False (tRNA is responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis

To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?

Twenty

The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called:

deamination

Protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied forming:

messenger RNA

A(n) ___ nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.

negative

Which of the following is an amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

nonessential

Some nutrition experts suspect that diets that supply a lot of animal protein are associated with ____, due to the increased calcium losses seen with these diets.

osteoporosis

What is a chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?

peptide bond

A(n) ____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses.

positive

Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of _____.

proteins

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

transfers the information concerning the amino acid sequence from the nucleus to ribosomes.

Protein supplements are not recommended for healthy persons because supplements may:

upset the body's ability to absorb other amino acids