Chapter 7 CONNECT Practice Qs
Forms of PEM include
-Marasmus -Kwashiorkor
A specific tRNA molecule ____.
conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome
The body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from _____ sources
endogenous
Match each term with the most appropriate definition.
lactovegetarian = eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs lactoovovegetarian = eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods ovoovevegetarian = eats eggs but no other animal foods
The ____ of a protein is characteristic of its function.
shape
Protein-energy malnutrition is an example of:
undernutrition
Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to the ___ where the mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein.
ribosomes
Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal.
1. Deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. Liver converts ammonia to urea 3. Urea is released into the blood 4. Kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine
Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach
1. Denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin. 2. The pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells. 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver. 5. Rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces.
Match the type of protein with the most appropriate characteristic of the protein.
Collagen = Cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue Keratin = Hair, nails, and skin
What is formed when two amino acids bond?
Dipeptide
Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?
Eggs
What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes
_____ proteins are dietary proteins that are low in, or lack, one or more essential amino acids.
Incomplete
Which of the following elements is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?
Nitrogen
_____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.
Pepsin
What happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for constructing the protein?
Production of protein stops
____ is synthesized by every organism in the body.
Protein
Proteins are made up of smaller units called
amino acids
Which of the following are examples of processed meat products?
-Bacon -Sausage -Ham
Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your:
-DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid
Which of the following is true about transamination?
-Explains how non-essential amino acids can be made -Reactions are reversible -Involves the process of transferring a nitrogen-containing group to another substance to make an amino acid
Forms of PEM include:
-Marasmus -Kwashiorkor
Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? (all that apply)
-Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein -Supplies all nine essential amino acids
What will happen if the DNA code contains errors?
-Ribosomes won't read the correct message. -The polypeptide chain will be incorrect -Incorrect mRNA will be produced.
What are some examples of foods made from soybeans?
-meat substitutes -infant formula -soy milk
Humans are considered
-omnivores -able to eat plants and animals
Which of the following is true about protein?
-organic molecules -contains nitrogen
The human digestive system is able to digest nutrients from:
-plants -animals
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?
10 - 35%
how many nonessential amino acids exist?
11
Match the food with the approximate amount of protein in the food.
23 g of protein: -3oz. serving ground beef I g of protein: -3 oz. serving of broccoli -3 oz. serving of carrots
Edema refers to
A buildup of fluid in the spaces between cells
True or False: Fats and carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs.
False
True or False: tRNA is responsible for transferring DNA from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm
False (tRNA is responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis
To make proteins, how many amino acids are available to make specific sequences expressed by the DNA?
Twenty
The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called:
deamination
Protein synthesis begins when a gene's coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied forming:
messenger RNA
A(n) ___ nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.
negative
Which of the following is an amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
nonessential
Some nutrition experts suspect that diets that supply a lot of animal protein are associated with ____, due to the increased calcium losses seen with these diets.
osteoporosis
What is a chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?
peptide bond
A(n) ____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses.
positive
Enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made of _____.
proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfers the information concerning the amino acid sequence from the nucleus to ribosomes.
Protein supplements are not recommended for healthy persons because supplements may:
upset the body's ability to absorb other amino acids