chapter 7

*22. Which of the following is true? A) DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR used a multiaxial diagnosis system. B) DSM-5 uses a multiaxial diagnosis system. C) DSM-5 switched to a dimensional model of diagnosis. D) None of the above is/are true.

a

3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider A) scientific or evolutionary data B) the social values that provide the context for the behavior in question C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

*23. DSM-5 added a number of new disorders including A) premenstrual dysphoric disorder. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) binge eating disorder. D) All of the above.

d

12. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were _____, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and _____ which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia. A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis C) dementia praecox; separation disorder D) none of the above

a

18. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories: A) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders. B) internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C) primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D) Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders.

a

2. Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of A) harmful dysfunction. B) the unconscious. C) aberrant behavior. D) categorical disorders.

a

28. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual A) has a disorder or does not have it. B) has every disorder to some extent. C) can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time. D) can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as mood disorders or anxiety disorders.

a

30. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve as the basis for the dimensions. A) the five-factor model of personality B) cognitive thought distortion categories C) baseline behavioral data D) neurosis and psychosis

a

32. Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including the fact that it A) facilitates communication between professionals. B) forces professionals to think categorically, which is an unnatural and uncommon manner of cognition among human beings. C) all of the above D) none of the above

a

5. All editions of the DSM have been published by the A) American Psychiatric Association B) American Psychological Association C) American Psychological Society D) American Counseling Association

a

*8. Attenuated psychosis syndrome A) is not mentioned in the current DSM at all. B) is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of the current DSM. C) is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM. D) is included in the current DSM as a sub-type of schizophrenia.

b

1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by A) Sigmund Freud B) Jerome Wakefield C) Emil Kraepelin D) B. F. Skinner

b

13. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was A) the diagnosis of prisoners. B) the collection of statistical and census data. C) compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies. D) to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.

b

19. DSM-I and DSM-II A) were entirely empirically based. B) reflected a psychoanalytic orientation. C) included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder. D) all of the above

b

29. In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders. A) dimensional; anxiety B) dimensional; personality C) multi-axial; mood D) medical model; eating

b

7. The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology, according to which A) each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. B) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms. C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.

b

*10. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in the DSM-5. A) upcoming diagnoses B) research disorders C) proposed criteria sets D) cultural diagnoses

c

11. Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality. A) the ego B) spiritual harmony C) bodily fluids D) the unconscious

c

16. In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A) NATO B) the World Health Organization C) the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D) the European Psychiatric Association

c

17. The first edition of the DSM was published in A) 1914 B) 1930 C) 1952 D) 1986

c

21. DSM-III was published in A) 1952 B) 1968 C) 1980 D) 1994

c

24. New features in DSM-5 include A) elimination of the multiaxial diagnostic system. B) the use of Arabic, rather than Roman, numerals in the title. C) Both A and B. D) None of the above.

c

27. All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A) dimensional B) symptom- or criteria-based C) categorical D) multi-axial

c

31. A potential risk of expanding the range of pathology included in the DSM is that A) more people may have to live with stigma associated with a diagnostic label. B) the concept of mental illness could be trivialized because it is applied to so many people and experiences. C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

*25. DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT one of these criticisms? A) Diagnostic overexpansion B) Lack of transparency of the revision process C) The high price of the manual D) All of the above.

d

*4. The DSM-5 defines mental disorders as A) a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. B) indicating a dysfunction in mental functioning. C) usually associated with significant distress or disability in work, relationships, or other areas of functioning. D) all of the above

d

*9. Why might naming various experiences mental disorders be beneficial? A) An official label may help clients demystify an otherwise nameless experience. B) Naming promotes greater attention to the symptoms by researchers and clinicians. C) An official diagnosis can help clients gain access to treatment, especially if health insurance is used to pay. D) All of the above.

d

20. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as A) the inclusion of a multi-axial system by which clinicians could diagnose clients on five separate axes. B) the use of specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders. C) a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus. D) all of the above

d

26. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder A) was an official disorder in the original edition of the DSM, but is not mentioned at all in the current edition. B) is listed as a provisional disorder, or a "criteria set for further study," in the current DSM. C) is a subtype of bipolar disorder. D) is an official mental disorder in DSM-5.

d

6. The DSM is primarily authored by A) social workers. B) counselors. C) psychologists. D) psychiatrists.

d