Chapter 7 - Part 2 - Benign Tumors vs. Malignant Tumors

Hematologic cancers

Are disseminated diseases from the beginning

Solid tumors

As disease progresses, cells detach, invade surrounding tissue and enter the blood and lymph system to spread to other sites

Adenoma

Benign epithelial neoplasm

Fibroma

Benign fibrous tissue tumor

Papilloma

Benign microscopic or macroscopic fingerlike projections that grow on any surface

Benign Tumors

Characterized by slow, progressive rate of growth that may stop or regress

Benign Tumors

Composed of well-differentiated cells resembling the cell of origin but have lost the ability to control cell proliferation

Benign Tumors

Contain a fibrous capsule

Benign Tumors

Do not have the capacity to infiltrate, invade, or metastasize to distant sites

Malignant tumors

Evade apoptosis and margins are not clearly separated from normal surrounding tissue

Benign Tumors

Grow by expansion and remain localized

Malignant tumors

Grow rapidly, invade and infiltrate nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body

Solid tumors

Initially confined to a specific tissue or organ

Hematologic cancers

Involve cells normally found in the blood and lymph

Malignant tumors

Lack a well defined capsule

Malignant tumors

Less differentiated and have lost the ability to control cell proliferation and differentiation

Cancer in situ

Localized pre-invasive lesion

Carcinoma

Malignant tumor of epithelial origin

Adenocarcinoma

Malignant tumor of epithelial origin which originate from gland like structures

Squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant tumor of epithelial origin which originate from squamous cells

Sarcoma

Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin

Chondrosarcoma

Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin which originates from chondrocytes

Fibrosarcoma

Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin which originates from fibrous tissue

Malignant tumors

Metastasis may compress blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury

Adenomatous polyps

Precursors to adenocarcinomas of the colon

Polyp

Projections from a mucosal surface

Solid tumors and hematologic cancers

Two types of malignant neoplasms

Benign Tumors

Usually named by adding the suffix "-oma" to the parenchymal tissue type from which the growth originated

Disseminate

When cells detach, invade surrounding tissue and enter the blood and lymph system to spread to other sites